全文获取类型
收费全文 | 161299篇 |
免费 | 12482篇 |
国内免费 | 9289篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 6444篇 |
技术理论 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 10121篇 |
化学工业 | 41569篇 |
金属工艺 | 11869篇 |
机械仪表 | 5743篇 |
建筑科学 | 4550篇 |
矿业工程 | 3192篇 |
能源动力 | 26213篇 |
轻工业 | 8458篇 |
水利工程 | 1225篇 |
石油天然气 | 6055篇 |
武器工业 | 1739篇 |
无线电 | 12536篇 |
一般工业技术 | 18336篇 |
冶金工业 | 6817篇 |
原子能技术 | 1878篇 |
自动化技术 | 16321篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 496篇 |
2023年 | 3217篇 |
2022年 | 5963篇 |
2021年 | 6385篇 |
2020年 | 5430篇 |
2019年 | 4965篇 |
2018年 | 4439篇 |
2017年 | 5016篇 |
2016年 | 4773篇 |
2015年 | 4800篇 |
2014年 | 8047篇 |
2013年 | 8726篇 |
2012年 | 10193篇 |
2011年 | 12874篇 |
2010年 | 9959篇 |
2009年 | 11099篇 |
2008年 | 9426篇 |
2007年 | 11097篇 |
2006年 | 9839篇 |
2005年 | 7814篇 |
2004年 | 6644篇 |
2003年 | 5770篇 |
2002年 | 4674篇 |
2001年 | 3724篇 |
2000年 | 3318篇 |
1999年 | 2611篇 |
1998年 | 2059篇 |
1997年 | 1717篇 |
1996年 | 1524篇 |
1995年 | 1277篇 |
1994年 | 1095篇 |
1993年 | 841篇 |
1992年 | 694篇 |
1991年 | 559篇 |
1990年 | 442篇 |
1989年 | 376篇 |
1988年 | 238篇 |
1987年 | 162篇 |
1986年 | 145篇 |
1985年 | 121篇 |
1984年 | 96篇 |
1983年 | 57篇 |
1982年 | 77篇 |
1981年 | 63篇 |
1980年 | 54篇 |
1979年 | 34篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 21篇 |
1951年 | 30篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
961.
E.N. ArmstrongAuthor VitaeT. StrikerAuthor Vitae V. RamaswamyAuthor VitaeJ.A. RuudAuthor Vitae E.D. WachsmanAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,158(1):159-170
NOx adsorption behavior on LaFeO3 (LFO) and LaMnO3+δ (LMO) was characterized using temperature controlled methods and mass spectrometry. Temperature program desorption revealed decomposition of complex surface species formation when NO or NO2 was adsorbed on LFO and LMO. LFO exhibited higher adsorption capacity for NOx species than LMO and was shown to be more active for NOx surface conversion. Both effects were attributed to the different B-site cations, with iron in LFO in the 3+ valence state, and manganese in LMO in the 3+ and 4+ valence states. Results from diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy were used to identify specific nitrite and nitrate species that are formed on the surfaces of LFO and LMO at room temperature. Temperature programmed reaction revealed a complex NO2 decomposition mechanism to NO and O2 for LFO and LMO in which the formation of nitrite and nitrate species serve as intermediates below ∼600 °C. NOx sensing mechanisms were considered and predicted based on the types and quantities of surface species formed. 相似文献
962.
D. ZilliAuthor VitaeP.R. BonelliAuthor Vitae A.L. CukiermanAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,157(1):169-176
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are successfully processed in the form of thin films (buckypapers), and their morphology and electrical behaviour are characterized. The MWCNTs are synthesized by the floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition process. The effects of a sequence of treatments applied for MWCNTs purification on the buckypapers electrical behaviour are also examined. Nanocomposite thin films constituted of pristine and purified MWCNTs and Pd nanoparticles are prepared in order to evaluate their viability as H2 sensors at room temperature. For this purpose, the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite films in atmospheres with different H2 concentrations, is determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the buckypapers and the nanocomposite films are 2D structures constituted by randomly oriented MWCNTs. The buckypapers present a semiconductor-like electrical behaviour as determined by the standard four point method. Room temperature resistivity values of around 10−3 Ω m are assessed. Nanocomposite films show different electrical behaviour depending on the purification treatment applied to the MWCNTs employed. Furthermore, the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite films is found to increase when the measurements are performed in H2 atmosphere. Values of H2 sensitivity at room temperature of the nanocomposite films up to 2.15% are determined for H2 average concentration higher than 350 ppm with short recovery time. 相似文献
963.
Satish S. BadadheAuthor VitaeI.S. MullaAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,156(2):943-948
A facile spray pyrolysis route is used to deposit aluminium doped ZnO (AZO) thin films on to the glass substrates. It is observed that on aluminium doping the particle size of ZnO reduces significantly; moreover, uniformity of particle also gets enhanced. Their XRD study reveals that intensity ratio of crystal planes depend on the aluminium doping concentration. The gas response studies of; ∼800 nm thick Al-doped ZnO films at different operating temperatures show that 5 at% Al-doped ZnO thin film exhibits highest response towards H2S gas at 200 °C. The results suggest that the gas response strongly depends on the particle size and aluminium doping in the ZnO. 相似文献
964.
Chander ShekharAuthor VitaeK.I. GnanasekarAuthor Vitae E. PrabhuAuthor VitaeV. JayaramanAuthor Vitae T. GnanasekaranAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,155(1):19-27
Indium oxide (In2O3) doped with 0.5-5 at.% of Ba was examined for their response towards trace levels of NOx in the ambient. Crystallographic phase studies, electrical conductivity and sensor studies for NOx with cross interference for hydrogen, petroleum gas (PG) and ammonia were carried out. Bulk compositions with x ≤ 1 at.% of Ba exhibited high response towards NOx with extremely low cross interference for hydrogen, PG and ammonia, offering high selectivity. Thin films of 0.5 at.% Ba doped In2O3 were deposited using pulsed laser deposition technique using an excimer laser (KrF) operating at a wavelength of (λ) 248 nm with a fluence of ∼3 J/cm2 and pulsed at 10 Hz. Thin film sensors exhibited better response towards 3 ppm NOx quite reliably and reproducibly and offer the potential to develop NOx sensors (Threshold limit value of NO2 and NO is 3 and 25 ppm, respectively). 相似文献
965.
R. ThangamuthuAuthor VitaeYu-Ching PanAuthor Vitae Shen-Ming ChenAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,151(2):377-383
The present work describes the electrocatalytic behavior of phosphotungstate-doped glutaraldehyde-cross-linked poly-l-lysine (PLL-GA-PW) film electrode towards reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acidic medium. The modified electrode was prepared by means of electrostatically trapping the phosphotungstate anion into the cationic PLL-GA coating on glassy carbon electrode. The PLL-GA-PW film electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 reduction in 0.1 M H2SO4. Under the optimized conditions, the electrochemical sensor exhibited a linear response for H2O2 concentration over the range 2.5 × 10−6 to 6.85 × 10−3 M with a sensitivity of 1.69 μA mM−1. The curvature in the calibration curve at high concentration is explained in terms of Michaelis-Menten (MM) saturation kinetics, and the kinetics parameters calculated by three different methods were compared. The PLL-GA-PW film electrode did not respond to potential interferents such as dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid. This unique feature of PLL-GA-PW film electrode allowed selective determination of H2O2. Finally, the proposed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to determine H2O2 in commercially available antiseptic solution and soft-contact lenses cleaning solution and the method has been validated using independent estimation by classical potassium permanganate titration method. Major advantages of the method are simple electrode fabrication, stability and high selectivity towards hydrogen peroxide. 相似文献
966.
Feng-Renn JuangAuthor VitaeYean-Kuen FangAuthor Vitae Yen-Ting ChiangAuthor VitaeTse-Heng ChouAuthor Vitae Cheng-I. LinAuthor VitaeCheng-Wei LinAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,156(1):338-342
The Au/SnO2/n-LTPS MOS Schottky diode prepared on a glass substrate for carbon monoxide (CO) sensing applications is studied. The n-LTPS (n-type low temperature polysilicon) is prepared by excimer laser annealing and PH3 plasma treatment of an amorphous Si thin film on glass substrate. The developed Schottky diode exhibits a high relative response ratio of ∼546% to 100 ppm CO ambient under condition of 200 °C and −3 V bias. The response ratio is better than the reported SnO2 based resistive type CO sensors of 100% and 37%, respectively on poly-alumina and glass substrates or comparable to 390% of Pt-AlGaN/GaN Schottky diode CO sensor. Thus, the Au/SnO2/n-LTPS Schottky diode has the potential to develop a low cost high performance CO sensor. 相似文献
967.
Mika HarbeckAuthor Vitae Zafer ?enAuthor Vitae Zafer Ziya ÖztürkAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,156(2):673-679
Vic-dioximes, a class of organic chemical compounds, are proposed and characterized for the first time as sensitive materials for volatile organic compound sensing with sorption based chemical gas sensors. Their peculiar sensing properties described in this work originate in the oxime functional group which is a powerful H bond donor interacting strongly but reversibly with H bond acceptors. These specific interactions result in a high preferential enrichment of analyte molecules with H bonding acceptor capabilities in the sensitive material. Accordingly, sensitivity and selectivity for these compounds of vic-dioxime based sensors are high. The advantageous sensing properties are demonstrated in this work with quartz crystal microbalance sensors using 11 selected volatile organic compounds and a set of vic-dioximes varied in their substituents. Vic-dioximes with short alkylthiol substituents were found highly sensitive to such H bond acceptors as organic amines, alcohols, and esters with partition coefficients up to 26,000. At the same time they showed low affinity for aromatic compounds and chlorocarbons. Vic-dioximes are considered powerful sensing materials and interesting for practical use in chemical gas sensor arrays. 相似文献
968.
Pi-Guey SuAuthor Vitae Chuen-Chi ShiuAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,157(1):275-281
A novel flexible H2 gas sensor was fabricated by the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly of a polypyrrole (PPy) thin film on a polyester (PET) substrate. A Pt-based complex was self-assembled in situ on the as-prepared PPy thin film, which was reduced to form a Pt-PPy thin film. Microstructural observations revealed that Pt nanoparticles formed on the surface of the PPy film. The sensitivity of the PPy thin film was improved by the Pt nanoparticles, providing catalytically active sites for H2 gas molecules. The interfering gas NH3 affected the limit of detection (LOD) of a targeted H2 gas in a real-world binary gas mixture. A plausible H2 gas sensing mechanism involves catalytic effects of Pt particles and the formation of charge carriers in the PPy thin film. The flexible H2 gas sensor exhibited a strong sensitivity that was greater than that of sensors that were made of Pd-MWCNTs at room temperature. 相似文献
969.
Bai ShouliAuthor VitaeChen LiangyuanAuthor Vitae Hu JingweiAuthor VitaeLi DianqingAuthor Vitae Luo RuixianAuthor VitaeChung Chiun LiuAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,159(1):97-102
Quantum size ZnO crystals have been synthesized successfully by a room temperature sol-gel process. Oleic acid (OA) has been used as capping agent to control the particle size of ZnO. The crystal structure and size of the ZnO are characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD results show the as-synthesized ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure and the average crystallite size is 5.7 nm which is little less than TEM result. It is testified by photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra that the quantum size ZnO keeps the crystal structure of the bulk ZnO and possesses more surface defects. The quantum size ZnO has the highest response of 280 to NO2 and the highest selectivity of 31 and 49 corresponding to CO and CH4 at operating temperature of 290 °C. The effect of calcination temperatures on sensing property and transient response of the ZnO sensor are also investigated. 相似文献
970.
R. PearceAuthor Vitae T. IakimovM. AnderssonAuthor Vitae L. HultmanAuthor VitaeA. Lloyd SpetzAuthor Vitae R. YakimovaAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,155(2):451-455
Epitaxially grown single layer and multi layer graphene on SiC devices were fabricated and compared for response towards NO2. Due to electron donation from SiC, single layer graphene is n-type with a very low carrier concentration. The choice of substrate is demonstrated to enable tailoring of the electronic properties of graphene, with a SiC substrate realising simple resistive devices tuned for extremely sensitive NO2 detection. The gas exposed uppermost layer of the multi layer device is screened from the SiC by the intermediate layers leading to a p-type nature with a higher concentration of charge carriers and therefore, a lower gas response. The single layer graphene device is thought to undergo an n-p transition upon exposure to increasing concentrations of NO2 indicated by a change in response direction. This transition is likely to be due to the transfer of electrons to NO2 making holes the majority carriers. 相似文献