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31.
采用水热加工技术研究(Mn,Zn)Fe2O4晶体粉末的合成条件,对水热体系的碱度、温度、时间进行了系统实验.结果表明在pH=7~12.5范围内可有效合成(Mn,Zn)Fe2O4.当温度在190~220℃时,完成合成所需的时间为1~2h,提高碱度有利于合成反应.本文还初步探讨了(Mn,Zn)Fe2O4的合成机理,为扩大实验提供依据. 相似文献
32.
Solvent refined coal (SRC), a coal extract which is highly polyaromatic in character and relatively high in N, O and S content, is derived from the direct liquefaction of coal. SRC contains mineral matter in the form of soluble organometallic compounds which can not be removed by filtration. These soluble species can be detrimental to the hydrocracking catalyst used in the upgrading of the SRC to high-value liquid fuels. These species, however, can be separated from the SRC by extraction with benzene or tetralin as solvents so that the mineral matter is mainly concentrated in the solvent-insoluble fraction, the other fraction are then readily hydrocracked, as demonstrated in this work. 相似文献
33.
Lingzhi Wang Yaofeng Shao Jinlong Zhang Masakazu Anpo 《Microporous and mesoporous materials》2007,100(1-3):241-249
The hydrothermal stability of MCM-48 was conveniently and effectively improved by increasing the crystallization temperature and directly adding NaF to the synthesis gel. The crystallization temperature varied from 373 K to 403 K. The influences of NaF addition, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the formation process and hydrothermal stability of MCM-48 were systematically studied here to solve the problem of poor reproducibility. Results from XRD patterns indicated that the crystallization temperature and crystallization time were very critical factors for the improvement of the hydrothermal stability besides NaF addition. The formation process of MCM-48 was significantly accelerated and the pore structure ordering was also greatly improved by increasing the crystallization temperature and F−/Si ratio. A high hydrothermally stable MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieve was obtained after being crystallized at 393 K for 36 h in the presence of NaF, which endured the hydrothermal treatment in boiling water at least for 4 days. However, only an amorphous product was obtained when the crystallization temperature was further increased to 403 K. Results from Si MAS NMR, N2 adsorption isotherms, TEM, Raman spectra and XRD patterns manifested that the improved stability of MCM-48 was attributed to the high silicates condensation degree and the excellent pore structure ordering. The possible reason for the successful formation of hydrothermally stable MCM-48 sample by controlling the crystallization temperature, time and F−/Si ratio was explained here. 相似文献
34.
Hydrogenation of four bituminous coals impregnated with 5 wt% of either mixtures of ZnCl2-MCln (CuCl, CrCl3 and MoCl5) systems or ZnCl2 was carried out using a batch autoclave system at 400° for 3 h at 9.8 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure. The ZnCl2-MoCl5 system showed the highest yield of the hexane-soluble (HS) fraction compared with the other systems irrespective of the coal used. The difference between the yields of HS fractions using the ZnCl2-MoCl5 and other systems was most marked for coals of fairly low volatile matter content, though the conversion was relatively low (47–66%), whilst for coals of high volatile matter content HS yields with the binary melt systems were high (86–91% conversion). Elemental analyses of the HS fractions indicated that the ZnCl2-MoCl5 system is most favourable in decreasing the average molecular weight and the heteroatom content of HS, this characteristic trend being confirmed also with five HS fractions separated by Chromatographic techniques. Both elemental analyses and molecular weights of asphaltene (benzene-soluble materials, BS) indicated that the ZnCl2-MoCl5 system is also most effective in cracking coal structure. 相似文献
35.
煤液化技术研究现状及其发展趋势 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
能源安全和环境保护是我国21世纪应引起高度重视的问题,煤炭既是能源的主要提供者,也是大气污染的主要污染源,其高效洁净利用不容忽视,煤炭液化技术是解决此矛盾的有效途径之一。对煤液化的发展历程、开发和应用现状以及发展趋势和产业化前景进行了概括,详细介绍了煤直接液化、间接液化和煤与废塑料共液化技术的特性、影响因素及其关键问题,并提出了煤液化技术在我国今后发展的一些看法和建议。 相似文献
36.
The work reported here represents initial attempts to develop a complete kinetic and mechanistic understanding of the reaction chemistry of H2S under coal liquefaction conditions, using both model systems and coal. Hydrogen sulphide was found to promote/catalyse the transfer of hydrogen from tetralin to 2-hydroxyquinoline (2-HOQ). The presence of H2S can increase the rate of hydrogen transfer from tetralin to 2-HOQ by a factor of 10 compared with the same reaction run in the absence of H2S. The energy of activation for hydrogen transfer was found to decrease by ≈5 kcal mol−1 in the presence of H2S. The presence of H2S was also found to promote loss of oxygen from 2-HOQ to form small amounts of quinoline. No evidence of CC or CN bond cleavage in 2-HOQ was noted under any of the reaction conditions studied. These results suggest that the presence of H2S reduces the temperatures necessary to promote effective hydrogen transfer from tetralin by 50–75 °C. Moreover, they imply that similar effects occur in H2S-promoted coal liquefaction. 相似文献
37.
Synthesis and characteristics of carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles produced by a hydrothermal reaction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A novel process to synthesize carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles was developed by heating an aqueous glucose solution containing Fe@Au (Au coated Fe nanoparticles) or Ni nanoparticles at 160–180 °C for 2 h. In comparison with traditional methods, such a hydrothermal approach is not only simple but also able to provide functional groups such as –OH on the surface of carbon sphere. Only pure Fe nanoparticles did not favor the formation of carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles due to the oxidation of Fe nanoparticles by H2O during the reaction and their surfaces had to be coated by an Au shell in advance. The results of TEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS and vibration sample magnetometer characterization show that uniform carbon spheres containing some embedded Fe@Au nanoparticles with a saturation of 14.6 emu/g are obtained and the size of a typical product is 200 nm. Carbon encapsulated Ni nanoparticles have been successfully prepared in the same way. 相似文献
38.
Model compound studies were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanisms taking place during the liquefaction of coal with the hydrogen produced from the reaction of zinc and water. In compounds of the type Ph-(CH2)n-Ph the splitting of the aliphatic bridge was easier with higher n values. Ether type compounds such as diphenylether were unreactive although the C-O bond in dibenzylether was easily cleaved. Condensed ring aromatic compounds gave low conversion with hydrogenation being facilitated by an increase in ring number. Phenolic compounds such as phenol did not react well, but the reactivity increased with increase in aromatic ring size. The cleavage of the aliphatic bridge was accelerated by the OH group, for example, in the case of 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane bond scission was about 15 times higher than that of diphenylmethane. Heterocyclic compounds were unreactive. 相似文献
39.
40.
煤炭间接液化技术及其在中国的产业化前景 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:10
介绍了国内外煤炭间接液化技术的研究开发和应用,对在中国建设煤炭间接液化示范厂的技术经济进行了简要分析,指出在我国实现煤炭间接液化工业化生产,必须根据市场需求,因煤因地制宜,把提高经济效益放在首位。 相似文献