蜡油加氢精制-临氢降凝双反应器串联工艺试验

采用加氢精制-临氢降凝双反应器串联工艺,以某炼油厂蜡油为原料生产润滑油基础油。结果表明,主要产品为高黏度的润滑油馏分,其凝点降到-10℃以下,副产少量轻柴油、粗汽油及石油液化气;该工艺具有流程简单、精制降凝效果好、润滑油收率高等特点。     

Kinetic parameter estimation and simulation of trickle-bed reactor for hydrodesulfurization of crude oil

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of crude oil has not been reported widely in the literature and it is one of the most challenging tasks in the petroleum refining industry. In order to obtain useful models for HDS process that can be confidently applied to reactor design, operation and control, the accurate estimation of kinetic parameters of the relevant reaction scheme are required. In this work, an optimization technique is used in order to obtain the best values of kinetic parameters in trickle-bed reactor (TBR) process used for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of crude oil based on pilot plant experiment. The optimization technique is based on minimization of the sum of the square errors (SSE) between the experimental and predicted concentrations of sulfur compound in the products using two approaches (linear (LN) and non-linear (NLN) regressions).A set of experiments were carried out in a continuous flow isothermal trickle-bed reactor using crude oil as a feedstock and the commercial cobalt–molybdenum on alumina (Co–Mo/γ-Al₂O₃) as a catalyst. The reactor temperature was varied from 335 to 400 °C, the hydrogen pressure from 4 to 10 MPa and the liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) from 0.5 to 1.5 h⁻¹, keeping constant hydrogen to oil ratio (H₂/oil) at 250 L/L.A steady-state heterogeneous model is developed based on two-film theory, which includes mass transfer phenomena in addition to many correlations for estimating physiochemical properties of the compounds. The hydrodesulfurization reaction is described by Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics. gPROMS software is employed for modelling, parameter estimation and simulation of hydrodesulfurization of crude oil in this work. The model simulations results were found to agree well with the experiments carried out in a wide range of the studied operating conditions. Following the parameter estimation, the model is used to predict the concentration profiles of hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur along the catalyst bed length in gas, liquid and solid phase, which provides further insight of the process.     

The mixing aspects of NiMo and CoMo hydrotreating catalysts in ebullated-bed reactors

Recently, the Shuaiba Refinery of Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC) conducted a test run using mixed NiMo/CoMo catalysts in one of the H–Oil reactors to verify the specifications of a CoMo catalyst. However, reduced unit performance and unstable operation were experienced. This led to the unit shut-down and process time loss. To search the causes for the different reactor behaviours, a research work was undertaken in the Petroleum Technology Department at Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR). It had found that the hydrodynamics of the mixed NiMo/CoMo and CoMo catalysts in a cold flow ebullated-bed reactor (EBR) were very different than NiMo catalyst alone.     

Comparison of approaches to determine hydrogen consumption during catalytic hydrotreating of oil fractions

Different approaches to calculate the hydrogen consumption during hydrotreating of petroleum fractions are reviewed and discussed. Experimental information about the hydrotreating of various distillates (naphtha, light and heavy gasoils, atmospheric and vacuum residues) obtained in a bench-scale unit at typical operating conditions and commercial catalysts was used to determine the hydrogen consumption from global hydrogen balance and from the hydrogen balance in gas streams. The comparison of experimental hydrogen consumption calculated with the different approaches indicates that there is not a method that can predict hydrogen consumption with good accuracy. For quick calculation some correlations can be used, but the error can be as high as 15%. The common approach used in refineries, which does not take into account the dissolved hydrogen in the hydrotreated liquid, can give deviations up to 6% with respect to the experimental value. To account for this dissolved hydrogen into the balance all the correlations reported in the literature are suitable.     

加氢装置原料油过滤器的工业应用

介绍了锦州石化公司炼油厂４０万ｔ／ａ焦化汽柴油加氢精制装置原料油过滤器存在的问题及改进措施。工业试验表明，采用填料式过滤器加金属网过滤器能很好地滤除原料油中的焦粉，可减少维修费用，确保催化剂实现长周期运行，创造了可观的经济效益。     

加氢精制装置设备的腐蚀与防护

介绍加氢精制装置的主要腐蚀类型及其产生机理,针对不同类型,提出相应的防护措施。     

硫化态加氢精制催化剂的Mo和NiK边XAFS研究

1. Introduction Hydroprocessing catalysts based upon the transitionmetal sulfides (TMS) have been widely used for about70 years. In the early period, some metal compoundssuch as Co, Ni, Mo and W sulfides and their mixtureswere believed to be the most a…     

无堆焊衬里热壁加氢反应器的H2S腐蚀

介绍了在压力为4．0MPa、温度为385℃条件下，使用的13CrMo44无堆焊衬里热壁加氢反应器的H2S腐蚀情况，分析了减缓H2S腐蚀的影响因素，以及反应器使用中应注意的问题。     

Upgrading of cyclohexanone to hydrocarbons by hydrodeoxygenation over nickel–molybdenum catalysts

Cyclohexanone is largely generated in the direct or indirect conversion of lignin-derived bio-oils. Hence, the upgrading of cyclohexanone, i.e. deoxygenation in the presence of hydrogen is of great interest. In this regard, two nickel-molybdenum catalysts on alumina support were investigated in the temperatures up to 400 °C and pressures up to 15 bar. High activity, selectivity, and yield were achieved by utilizing these catalysts at the studied condition. The main products of the upgrading of cyclohexanone were C₆, C₇, and C₁₂ cyclic, aromatic, and bicyclic including cyclohexane, cyclohexene, benzene, and cyclohexylbenzene. The results of the present study imply that these catalysts are beneficial in producing hydrocarbon-rich products from cyclohexanone and lignin-derived bio-oils. Based on the achievements of the present study, the nickel-molybdenum catalyst composed of 1.14 wt% nickel and 14.27 wt% molybdenum showed about 87%, 100%, and 116% conversion of cyclohexanone, total hydrocarbon selectivity, and total hydrocarbon yield, respectively. The optimum condition for obtaining such results was at 400 °C and 8 bar.     

催化裂化装置节能降耗措施分析和实施

以泽普石化厂催化裂化装置实际操作参数为依据,通过标定分析装置的物料平衡、热量平衡、操作状态和催化剂的使用状况,探讨反应-再生系统运行不佳和能耗偏高的主要原因,实施降低主风流量和辅助燃烧室瓦斯用量,改善催化剂再生环境,规范、优化余热锅炉操作等节能降耗技术措施,使装置能耗下降了23.69%。