Void formation and growth in a class of compressible solids

A new class of compressible elastic solids, which includes the Blatz-Ko material as a special case, is proposed. A closed-form solution is constructed and studied for a bifurcation problem modeling void formation in this class of compressible elastic solids. The relation between the void-formation condition and the material parameters is obtained analytically. An energy comparison of the void-formation deformation and the homogeneous expansion deformation is carried out.     

华北盆地南缘大地电磁测深资料地质解释及大别山推覆体成因探讨

根据新近在大别山北麓获得的四条大地电磁测深剖面可以看出,该区地下介质的电性恃征具了明显的纵向上分层、横向上分块的特点。纵向上目上而下分为9个电性层.均有确定的地质属性。其中:第二和第九电性层为本区低阻标志层;第三和第六电性层为相对高阻层;第八电性层为高阻率电阻率高达1000Ω·m以上);第四、第五、第七电性层既有高阻、又有低阻分布.情况比较复杂。■向上的电性分块结构与本区的凸、凹相间的构造格局相对应。这四条大地测深剖面,均反映本区在5～15km深处有一个面积达15000km~2的连续低阻层(第九电性层).电阻率仅有1～3Ω·m。经分析,认为此低阻层可能是一个区域性的主滑脫面,是形成大別山推覆体由北向南的运动面.     

上马水库地裂缝成因及工程处理措施探讨

文中着重阐述了上马水库库坝区的地裂缝产生的原因及发育规律,分析了地裂缝对水库的直接危害,为水库除险加固设计提供了指导,并提出了切实可行的工程处理措施建议。     

聚醚多元醇钻井液研制及应用

以新研制的多功能聚醚多元醇SYP-1为主剂,对聚合物包被剂、防塌剂和降滤失剂进行了优选实验.在此基础上,研制了一种新型的聚醚多元醇钻井液.对聚醚多元醇钻井液的抑制性、流变性、滤失造壁性、润滑性以及对油气层的保护性能进行了室内评价实验,并分析了该钻井液的作用机理.在LN3-6H井和HD4-23H井进行的聚醚多元醇钻井液现场试验表明,在钻进过程中井壁稳定,井径规则,起、下钻畅通,井下安全,测井、下套管及固井作业顺利.室内实验和现场应用表明,聚醚多元醇钻井液具有优良的防塌性和润滑性,能有效地抑制岩屑分散,起到稳定井壁和保护油气层的作用,满足复杂地质条件下钻井的需要.     

带钢窄边线状裂纹缺陷的形成原因及预防措施

本文通过对带钢窄边线状裂纹缺陷的金相显微组织观察和扫描电镜与能谱分析，确定了带钢窄边线状裂纹缺陷的形成原因，并针对原因提出了相应的预防措施，有效地控制了带钢窄边线状裂纹缺陷的重复发生。     

数据库备份与恢复技术研究及应用

针对数据库备份、数据库恢复的概念、技术原理和方法等方面进行了分析和探讨。事实证明,通过借助于网络信息技术、数据库处理技术、网络存储等技术有助于实现企业信息系统的数据库备份与恢复。     

Group technology based adaptive cell formation using predator-prey genetic algorithm

In recent years, there has been a considerable growth of application of group technology in cellular manufacturing. This has led to investigation of the primary cell formation problem (CFP), both in classical and soft-computing domain. Compared to more well-known and analytical techniques like mathematical programming which have been used rigorously to solve CFPs, heuristic approaches have yet gained the same level of acceptance. In the last decade we have seen some fruitful attempts to use evolutionary techniques like genetic algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization to find solutions of the CFP. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of a fine grain variant of the predator-prey GA (PPGA) in CFPs. The algorithm has been adapted to emphasize local selection strategy and to maintain a reasonable balance between prey and predator population, while avoiding premature convergence. The results show that the algorithm is competitive in identifying machine-part clusters from the initial CFP matrix with significantly less number of iterations. The algorithm scaled efficiently for large size problems with competitive performance. Optimal cluster identification is then followed by removal of the bottleneck elements to give a final solution with minimum inter-cluster transition cost. The results give considerable impetus to study similar NP-complete combinatorial problems using fine-grain GAs in future.     

Internal-oxide-band formation during oxidation of Ag-Mg alloys

Ag-3a/oMg was oxidized in air over the range of 400–900°C. Internal-oxide bands of MgO formed approximately parallel to the surface, the first band appearing at some finite, but irregular depth below the surface. The region between the surface and the first band appeared to be free of precipitates, but TEM showed that very small clusters, about 50 Å in diameter, formed in the PFZ, causing significant hardness (greater than 300 VHN). The clusters contain more oxygen than that corresponding to stoichiometric MgO. The hardness between oxide bands was also high, but not as high as in the PFZ. The kinetics of thickening of the internal-band region followed the parabolic rate law between 400 and 700° C, with departures from the parabolic law occurring at higher temperatures. The activation energy for the parabolic rate constants was 19.4 Kcal/mol, a value less than the total for oxygen diffusion and oxygen dissolution. The reaction front was planar and parallel to the surface prior to band formation at temperatures of 400–600° C. Nucleation of the first band resulted in nonplanar and nonparallel oxide. Little or no correlation existed between grain boundaries and oxide formation. Nodules of virtually pure silver formed on the surface initially at grain boundaries and subsequently within grains. Nodule formation is attributed to stress-enhanced (resulting from strains associated with precipitation) diffusion of silver to the surface via dislocation pipes. Internal-band formation is discussed in terms of prior data in the literature and various models. It is thought that stress effects (induced by precipitation), nucleation, and clustering of oxygen with Mg play significant roles in causing internal-band formation.     

Modelling of the mist formation in a segmented grinding wheel system

It has been found that using a segmented grinding wheel with a fluid chamber can significantly minimise the quantity of coolant while improving the ground surface integrity. The present investigation aims to explore the fluid flow mechanism in such a wheel system. To this end, the Weber theory for Newtonian jet instability was applied to quantitatively determine the contribution of coolant flow rate to mist and ligament modes. A semi-analytical model was then developed to predict the mist flow rate by taking into account both the grinding parameters and fluid properties. It was shown that the model prediction was in good agreement with experimental measurements. Because of the comprehensive integration of variables in the formulation, the model provides a good fundamental understanding of the mist formation and offers a practical guideline for the selection and use coolant in minimising the mist flow rate.     

Electrochemically deposited polypyrrole films and their characterization

Ionically conductive polypyrrole films have been deposited at 295 K from anhydrous acetonitrile, acetonitrile/H₂O and NaBF₄ aqueous solutions onto platinum, mild steel and stainless steel discs, using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques. Cyclic voltammetry of the polymer films has been studied as a function of water content of the acetonitrile solvent, polypyrrole concentration and potential sweep rate. Potentiostatic growth of thicker (< 30 micron) films on stainless steel allowed free-standing polypyrrole membranes to be produced. Well adherent and conductive films were deposited at constant potential in stirred solutions from acetonitrile electrolytes containing 1% (v/v) of water. The membrane resistivity of the reduced films in 0.5 mol dm^− 3 KCl_(aq) at 295 K was ≈ 1 × 10⁶ Ω cm, while the resistivity of the oxidised membrane was 2700 Ω cm.