冰淇淋生产中的均质工艺

杀菌、均质、老化成熟、凝冻、硬化等工序对冰淇淋的质量有很大影响，而其中以均质的影响最大，本文从均质机的类型、物料的粘度、配料的构成，脂肪的含量和种类，物料的酸度，均质温度等几个对均质压力影响较大的因素出发，讨论了冰淇淋生产中的均质工艺。     

Low-temperature processing of antimony-implanted silicon

It is shown for the first time that antimony-implanted silicon produces the highest electrical activation (90%) with low resistivity (<200 ohms/square) following low-temperature processing. Thus, annealing at 650°C produces the best results for antimony, whereas for arsenic, it is necessary to anneal at temperatures above 1000°C to get optimum results. Silicon was implanted with antimony at 12 keV and 40 keV and doses of 8.5×10¹⁴ cm⁻² and 4×10¹⁴ cm⁻², respectively, and arsenic at equivalent energies and doses. The electrical data from both implants are compared in order to identify the process conditions require to obtain optimum results. It is demonstrated that annealing below 800°C produces electrical profiles with no measurable diffusion of the antimony, but higher temperature anneals produce significant diffusional broadening.     

含能五唑离子盐的能量性能预估

为了在同一水平上比较含能五唑离子盐的密度、生成热、爆速和爆压,采用密度泛函理论,对近两年合成的五大类16个非金属N_5~ˉ离子盐进行了研究。结果表明在MP2/6-311++G(d,p)理论水平上,根据Born-Haber能量循环计算的五唑离子盐的生成热为95.2～1362.0 k J·mol~(-1),三唑类N_5~ˉ离子盐的平均生成热最高。这些五唑离子盐的密度为1.395～1.650 g·cm~(-3)(298.15 K),远远低于理论预测的全氮化合物的密度。通过Kamlet-Jacobs公式计算的爆速和爆压结果与EXPLO5的计算结果吻合良好,大部分五唑含能离子盐的爆速为6500～8000 m·s~(-1);爆压为15～26 GPa,低于RDX的爆速和爆压。N_5~ˉ的缩二胍盐、羟胺盐和肼盐的理论爆轰性能突出,它们的爆速(8622～9032 m·s~(-1))与RDX持平或者略高,爆压(29.5～32.3 GPa)均低于RDX,并未展现出全氮阴离子衍生物的明显优势,也远未达到对它们超高能量的预期。     

编队舰炮对岸射击多发同时弹着研究

为提高编队舰炮对岸射击过程中火力密度和打击效果,对多发同时弹着进行研究。根据编队舰炮对岸射 击特点,利用高斯中纬度公式,确定敌我相对坐标,通过解弹道方程求出各舰舰炮弹丸飞行时间,采用控制舰炮发 射顺序和发射间隔,实现多发弹丸同时命中目标,并通过解算舰炮射击诸元进行应用分析。应用结果表明：该研究 具有较好的实用性,可为编队舰炮指挥员对岸指挥决策提供参考。     

曲线自动拟合法在多井试井分析中的应用

本文从渗流方程的反问题出发,提出一种用于多井试井解释的通用方法——曲线自动拟合法。该方法通过一个非线性最小二乘参数估计,使实测数据与油藏数学模型的理论曲线自动拟合。为了判断各井之间地层明显异性的情况,文中提出了一种新的多井试井方法(即多井激动、一井观察试井法),并研制了相应的多井试井软件。矿场实测和虚拟测试的分析结果表明,这种新方法既可以一次性地解释同一油藏中各激动井与观测井之间的不同渗透率,又节省了测试时间和少用了测试仪器。     

Morphological stability of solder reaction products in flip chip technology

We have studied two kinds of solder reactions between eutectic SnPb and Cu. The first is wetting reaction above the melting point of the solder, and the second is solid state aging below the melting point of the solder. In wetting reaction, the intermetallic compound (IMC) formation has a scallop-type morphology. There are channels between the scallops. In solid state aging, the IMC formation has a layer-type morphology. There are no channels but grain boundaries between the IMC grains. Why scallops are stable in wetting reactions has been an unanswered question of fundamental interest. We have confirmed that the scallop-type morphology is stable in wetting reaction by re-wetting the layer-type IMC by molten eutectic SnPb solder. In less than 1 min, a layer-type Cu₆Sn₅ is transformed back to scallops by the molten solder at 200 C. In analyzing these reactions, we conclude that the scallop-type morphology is thermodynamically stable in wetting reaction, but the layer-type morphology is thermodynamically stable in solid state aging, due to minimization of interfacial and grain boundary energies.     

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本文对“保护油气层防止地层损害”这一课题中的若干重要概念进行了探讨。对如何给地层损害下科学的定义。通过射孔完井电模拟试验,证明了某些情况下,射孔对地层的损害比钻井损害更为严重。目前普遍采用矿场试井法所确定的表皮系数作为地层是否受损的差别标准是不够确切的。     

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本文介绍了川东钻探公司近年处理又喷、又漏复杂井的反循环堵漏压井技术;推导了计算对地层回压的公式。     

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定向取心钻进时,在岩心表面形成标记槽,同时多点照像测斜仪便随钻测量必要的参数。最后用复位实测法或计算机计算的方法分析出地层和裂缝的产状要素。对研究裂缝走向,确立布井方案很有益处。     

一种贝叶斯目标选择算法

为了解决多假目标干扰环境下的舰艇编队目标选择问题,在线性高斯假设下,建立了编队目标运动模型和量测模型,并基于贝叶斯方法推导了复合假设后验概率,提出了一种反舰导弹目标选择算法。该算法充分利用了导弹导航位置误差、编队机动和队形等信息,并且适用于量测噪声方差不同的实际情况。同时,为了降低算法的计算复杂度,设计了基于队形的预滤波器,大大削减了复合假设数量。算例仿真表明,该算法具有优良的性能,显著提高了编队目标正确选择概率。