放射性废物的焚烧处理

本文论述了放射性废物焚烧处理的意义、焚烧工艺、设计考虑和发展动态，并对发展我国放射性废物焚烧技术进行了讨论。     

FTH-2型同位素灰分仪

本文介绍利用低能γ射线反散射方法测量精煤灰分的基本原理。所研制灰分仪的测量范围为(8—15)％,标准误差为±0.37％,并着重对散密度引起的测量误差进行了分析。     

The characteristics of coincineration of dewatered sludge, waste oil and waste solvent in commercial-scale fluidized bed incinerator

A commercial-scale Fluidized Bed Incinerator (FBI), which has a capacity of 60 tons per day to treat dewatered sludge and waste oil or solvent, was developed as one of the governmental R&D projects from 1990 to 1997. From the design, construction and operation of the plant, the characteristics of co-combustion and appropriate operating conditions with successful fly ash recirculation and with effluent controls have been investigated. Without adding any bed materials, sand, the co-incineration of sludge and spent-solvent can be achieved. The sludge combustion steps could be observed and confirmed, which consist of evaporation, agglomeration, devolatilization, combustion and attrition. The plant can also incinerate various types of sludge from wastewater treatment facilities with waste oil or solvent. ‡Presented at the Int’l Symp. on Chem. Eng. (Cheju, Feb. 8–10, 2001), dedicated to Prof. H. S. Chun on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University.     

焚烧技术在三废处理中的应用

采用焚烧技术处理尼龙６６生产过程中产生的有机废液，并采用废液、废气组合焚烧设计，回收热量，既保护了环境，又有良好的经济效益。     

Application of thermally activated municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash fines as binder substitute

Untreated municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash fines (0–2 mm) have poor pozzolanic properties, and contain substances which can pose an environmental risk (e.g. heavy metals and salts). This study investigates combined treatments applied on bottom ash fines (BAF) to increase their reactivity. The treated BAF is compared with both untreated BAF and cement, and its contribution to cement hydration is investigated. Additionally, the utilization of the treated BAF in mortar as cement replacement is tested. Finally, the leaching properties of mortars containing treated and untreated BAF are estimated. According to the results obtained, the 28-day compressive and flexural strengths of mortar with 30% treated bottom ash are about 16% and 6% lower than the reference mortar, respectively. The leaching of contaminants from the crushed mortars with BAF are well under the limit values imposed by Dutch legislation.     

Emissions investigation for a novel medical waste incinerator

Medical waste constitutes one of the waste streams that should be dealt with special priority due to its potential negative impact on public health and on the environment. Incineration is a process that is widely used for the treatment of medical waste. However, self-supporting combustion of medical waste cannot avoid releasing many hazardous pollutants into our environment. The most favored solutions are firing additional fuels of high calorific value and direct purification by air pollution control devices (APCD). This process entails not only large first time investment but also an increase in the operation cost. A novel incinerator is proposed for better utilization of energy of the incineration process. Its originality is essentially due to combining a feeder, a rotary grate, a cylindrical gasifier and a “coaxial” secondary combustion chamber into a unique unit. The structure of the incinerator as well as the principle of the incineration process is presented in this paper. A full-scale trial of the novel incinerator with APCD was carried out from March to May 2008 to investigate how the distinct configuration influenced the incineration process. Data on PM, CO, NO_X, O₂ were recorded by a continuous emission monitoring system during the study period. Heavy metals and PCCD/Fs were also sampled and measured. Measuring results were compared with the China and U.S. EPA guidelines. The concentrations of contaminants were below their respective limits in emission control standards. Results from testing the novel medical waste incinerator confirmed that this technology has a good suitability for neutralization of medical wastes and purification of flue gases.     

我国城市生活垃圾的主要处理技术及发展趋势

随着我国经济的快速发展,固体废物的产生量逐年增多,本文从我国城市生活垃圾的主要处理方式,原因分析及措施三个方面指出了我国垃圾处理的发展趋势。     

比利时Waterleau生活垃圾焚烧炉技术特点

比利时Waterleau往复式机械炉排炉在欧洲国家和地区有大量的应用业绩,为当今世界上最先进的焚烧技术之一。本文详述了Waterleau焚烧技术中水平、顺推、模块化炉排的特点,同时指出其灵活的一次风预热方式的极大优点。通过文中与其他焚烧炉排型式的比较,说明Water-leau焚烧炉技术可根据不同的垃圾性质、焚烧规模给出针对性的解决方案,与同类产品相比该焚烧炉有处置效率高、排放污染物少、设备性能稳定的优势。     

Computational fluid dynamic simulations in thermal waste treatment technology—Design, optimisation and troubleshooting

The present work provides three case studies featuring applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the area of thermal waste treatment (TWT). The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the benefits offered by simulations in TWT technology in the design, optimisation and troubleshooting of those systems. The case studies deal with practical problems, namely a performance evaluation of a fabric filter bag with an add-on Venturi nozzle, the design optimisation of flow homogenising vanes in a heat exchanger, and finally troubleshooting in a novel volatile organic compound (VOC) treatment unit.

Each case study includes an outline of the modelling approach and summary of the most important results. The flow analyses are performed using standard methods implemented in the commercial software code FLUENT. The case study on design optimisation combines decision support in the selection of the best conceptual solution and an automatic shape optimisation using the commercial code SCULPTOR. The results clearly show the usefulness and applicability of the CFD computations in the area of thermal waste treatment.     

放射性废油焚烧处理的可行性研究

本文介绍了放射性废油焚烧处理的可行性研究试验 ,试验主要包括废油的物性测定、预处理及喷雾焚烧实验。对于可能混有汽油等低闪点成分的放射性废油 ,推荐采用添加煤油来降低粘度的预处理方法。喷雾焚烧试验表明 ,对于粘度小于 30 m Pa· s的废油 ,在燃烧炉容积热强度低于 1.6× 10 6k J/ (m3 ·h)时 ,可以实现完全燃烧。在很宽的空气过量系数范围内 ,烟气中 CO浓度均低于 0 .1%。