过渡金属硫化物纳米材料化学复合镀层制备方法

介绍了无机类富勒烯(Inorganic fullerene-like,简称IF)与过渡金属硫化物(WS2和MoS2)纳米材料的常用合成技术--固-气与气相反应合成方法; 以及用化学复合镀法制备含有IF-WS2纳米颗粒的Ni-P复合镀层的方法.     

Pore solution composition and alkali diffusion in inorganic polymer cement

Extraction of pore solutions from hardened inorganic polymer cement (“geopolymer”) paste samples shows that the pore network of these materials is rich in alkali cations and has pH > 13, with a relatively low dissolved Si concentration. However, there is little soluble Ca available in these materials to play a buffering role similar to Ca(OH)₂ or high-Ca C-S-H in hydrated Portland cements, meaning that preventing alkali loss is essential in ensuring the protection of reinforcing steel. It has been seen previously that calcium in an inorganic polymer cement binder is important in the formation of a low-permeability pore system; alkali diffusion measurements confirm these observations and highlight the role of Ca in reducing effective alkali diffusion coefficients by up to an order of magnitude. This is crucial for the durability of inorganic polymer concretes containing steel reinforcement, as it appears that the use of calcium-containing raw materials will be highly preferable.     

Role of alloyed silicon and some inorganic inhibitors in the inhibition of meta-stable and stable pitting of Al in perchlorate solutions

The study of both meta-stable and stable pitting events on the surface of pure Al and three Al–Si alloys, namely (Al + 6%Si), (Al + 12%Si) and (Al + 18%Si) alloys, was carried out in deaerated neutral NaClO₄ solutions of various concentrations (10⁻⁴–10⁻² M). Measurements were carried out under the effect of various experimental conditions using potentiodynamic anodic polarization and potentiostatic techniques. The results presented below showed that meta-stable pits (appeared as oscillations in current) form at potentials close to the pitting potential (E _pit) and during the induction time for stable pit formation. Various factors affecting the rate of meta-stable and stable pits were studied. The presence of Si as an alloying element in Al reduces the rate of formation of meta-stable pits, corresponding to a reduction in the probability of developing stable pits, and an increase in the pitting potential results. The inhibitive effects of chromate, silicate, molybdate and tungstate on pitting corrosion in Al were also studied. Results obtained showed that these known inhibitors retard both meta-stable and stable pitting events. This makes attainment of stable pit growth more difficult in presence of these inhibitors.

无机分离膜及其在微米与亚微米级固液分离中的应用

无机膜分离装置过滤精度高,操作简便,占地面积小,在稀溶液的澄清过滤中有显著的优势,特别是无机膜优异的材料性能,使其在化学工业、石油化工、环保等行业的应用中具有独特优势。本文介绍了无机分离膜的特点、发展以及应用概况,对无机分离膜在微米及亚微米级固液分离中的应用进行了概述。     

沼渣生物炭在水处理中的应用进展

以沼渣为原料制备生物炭是实现沼渣安全处置和资源化利用的有效途径之一.沼渣经过厌氧消化处理,在一定程度上优化了沼渣生物炭的组分结构和物化特性,因而沼渣生物炭具有低成本、来源广、吸附及催化性能好等特点被应用于去除水中污染物.该文对当前沼渣生物炭的原料来源、制备及改性方法进行了总结,归纳了沼渣生物炭作为吸附剂和碳基催化剂在水...     

The Mechanism of Dezincification and the Effect of Arsenic. I.

Abstract

Copper formed by dezincification of brass shows, in microsections, a dense layer at the surface roughly proportional in thickness to the depth of dezincificatton. The underlying copper frequently shows growth rings of alternate, more or less dense copper layers, sometimes incorporating bands of cuprous oxide, and a narrow band of dense copper is usually observed adjacent to the advancing corrosion front. These features are explained, and have been reproduced in laboratory experiments, on the basis of a redeposition theory of dezincification.

The first step in either dezincification or pitting corrosion of brass is dissolution of both copper and zinc, the copper forming cuprous chloride. In pitting corrosion the cuprous chloride is precipitated and subsequently hydrolysed or oxidised to secondary corrosion products. In dezincification, it is reduced to copper close to the point at which it first forms.

Beta- and non-arsenical alpha-brass both reduce cuprous chloride to copper (the beta much more readily), but arsenical alpha does not. These differences between the three types of brass are reflected in their relative susceptibility to dezincification. The reasons for these differences will be reported in Part II of the paper.     

Effects of morphology and surface treatment of inorganic pigments on waterborne coating properties

Inorganic pigments in aqueous coatings are investigated using atomic force microscopy and microprobe analysers. The first method characterises the topography at a very high resolution. The findings obtained using the second method reveal the distribution of the pigment in the paint film. Taking selected titanium dioxide and iron oxide pigments, the effects of particle morphology as well as inorganic and organic surface treatment on the dispersibility and flocculation stability are shown. These two phenomena are factors in gloss, hazing, hiding power, tinting strength and viscosity – key quality parameters in waterborne coatings.     

无机结垢趋势预测技术在油田开采中的应用

在油田注水开发过程中结垢问题变得越来越严重,结垢造成了油田开采过程中大量的经济损失,尤其是低渗透油田损失更大,为了高效开发低渗透油田,应对油田水结垢进行科学预测并提出合理的防垢措施。本文首次对大庆龙虎泡油田水结垢进行了定性分析,在前人研究基础上利用经典溶液理论、离子缔合理论及多元非线性回归技术建立了地层无机结垢饱和度指数预测方程,编帛了预测软件PIOS1．0,应用该预测软件对大庆龙虎泡油田水进行了结垢预测。本工作结果表明,龙虎泡油田结垢主要是碳酸钙垢,含有少量硫酸钙垢,结垢最严惩区域,主要在油气井近井地带,与实际情况基本吻合。     

FMA污水絮凝剂的研制与应用

针对吐哈温米油田采油污水的特点研制了一种多核无机聚合物污水絮凝剂FMA,其结构特征是分子中含有多种具有不同电化学特性的金属和非金属元素。本文探讨了反应机理,评价了FMA的絮凝特性。FMA与杀菌剂及地层水具有良好的配伍性。FMA具有一定的阻垢性,加量为50mg/L时对钙镁垢的阻垢率即达90％以上,用FMA处理过的污水不易结垢,也不会增加页岩的膨胀性。现场试验表明,FMA在50－400mg/L加量时使 温米油田污水浮物去除率达93％以上,含油去除率达99％。FMA生产工艺简单,成本低廉,是一种性能优良的新型采油污水絮凝剂。     

An inorganic membrane as a separator for lithium-ion battery

An Al₂O₃ inorganic separator is prepared by a double sintering process. The Al₂O₃ separator has a high porosity and good mechanical strength. After the liquid electrolyte is infiltrated, the separator exhibits quite high ionic conductivities, and even the conductivity reaches 0.78 mS cm⁻¹ at −20 °C. Furthermore, the inorganic separator has an advantage over the polymer separator in the electrolyte retention. The LiFePO₄/graphite cell using the Al₂O₃ inorganic separator shows higher discharge capacity and rate capability, and better low-temperature performance than that using the commercial polymer separator, which indicates that the Al₂O₃ separator is very promising to be applied in the lithium-ion batteries.