Efficient hybrid organic/inorganic photovoltaic cells utilizing n-type pentacene and intrinsic/p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon

We demonstrate efficient hybrid inorganic/organic p-i-n photovoltaic (PV) devices with a p-type-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), intrinsic a-Si:H, and an organic semiconductor, pentacene. The correlation between the electrical properties of the PV devices and the morphological properties of the pentacene films were investigated using absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The maximum power conversion efficiency can be increased by one order with respect to the devices using different thicknesses of a pentacene layer from 0.32% at 10 nm to above 3.0% at 30 nm. Photocarriers in PVs are suggested to be mainly generated in the intrinsic a-Si:H layer. The pentacene layer is used as the exciton-blocking and electron-transport layer. Thus, the structural quality of pentacene films plays an important role in PV performance.     

无机热管技术及其在常压炉上的应用

简要介绍了无机热管技术的核心和性能特点以及在常压炉空气预热器上的应用情况。采用无机热管代替原钢 水热管取得了较好效果 ,炉热效率约提高 5 % ,并避免了爆管现象 ,说明无机热管特别适合于在加热炉扩能改造上应用 ;但外部结构同样存在集灰难以清理的问题 ,有待进一步改进     

触变型堵剂GX—I封堵大孔道技术的研究及应用

用一种工业无机胶结材料、固化剂（混合无机盐溶液）及触变性调节剂（复合无机物）配制成了具有明显触变性的堵剂浆液GX－I。详细考察了各个组份的用量对浆液初凝时间、触变性（以浆液静切力G10s和G10min表示）、流变性及固结体抗压强度的影响。得到了分别适用于封堵低温井大孔道、裂缝及封堵水泥环以上套漏（无机材料用量以水灰比表示W／C＝0.44-0.5),封堵较高井温油井出水层（W／C＝0．67－1．0）,水井调剖（W／C＝1．2－1．4）的GX－I堵剂。给出了可用于60－90℃、初凝时间为6－10小时的3个基本配方。用这3个配方堵剂浆液堵岩心,堵塞率＞97％。简要介绍了中原油田11口井使用GX－I堵剂的良好效果,包括层间封窜2口,堵套漏1口,油井堵水3口,注水井分层调剖5口,详细分析了封堵1口注水井管外窜槽情况。     

高性能的汽车防冻液腐蚀抑制剂的优化研究

将有机酸型抑制剂，有机非酸型抑制剂与无机盐型抑制剂进行优化复配，筛选出一个高性能的腐蚀抑制剂配方，按照ASTM D3306-98标准，对该配方进行测试，结果表明该配方对焊锡、铝、黄铜、紫铜、钢、铁都可以起到优异的腐蚀抑制作用，尤其对铝金属的保护作用更为突出。     

Refining bioethanol from stalk juice of sweet sorghum by immobilized yeast fermentation

The relationship between total soluble sugar content and Brix in stalk juice of sweet sorghum was determined through one-dimensional linear regression. Meanwhile, bioethanol fermentation experiments were conducted in shaking flasks and 10 l fluidized bed bioreactor with stalk juice of Yuantian No. 1 sweet sorghum cultivar when immobilized yeast was applied. The experimental results in the shaking flasks showed that the order of influence on improving ethanol yield was (NH₄)₂SO₄>MgSO₄>K₂HPO₄, and the optimum inorganic salts supplement dose was determined as follows: K₂HPO₄ 0%, (NH₄)₂SO₄ 0.2%, MgSO₄ 0.05%. When the optimum inorganic salts supplement dose was used in fermentation in 10 l fluidized bed reactor, the fermentation time and ethanol content were 5 h and 6.2% (v/v), respectively, and ethanol yield was 91.61%, which was increased by 9.73% than blank. In addition, the results showed that the fermentation time was about 6–8 times shorter in fluidized bed bioreactor with immobilized yeast than that of conventional fermentation technology. As a result, it can be concluded that the determined optimum inorganic salts supplement dose could be used as a guide for commercial ethanol production. The fluidized bed bioreactor with immobilized yeast technology has a great potential for ethanol fermentation of stalk juice of sweet sorghum.     

Synthesis of Na-A and faujasitic zeolites from high silicon fly ash

High silicon fly ash (HSFA) utilized as a source of silicon in synthesizing of Na-A, -X and -Y zeolites through alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment at 100 °C for 12 h. Various types of zeolites with different degrees of purity were prepared by changing Si/Al ratio of the reaction mixture from 1.6 to 3.0. In addition, exact boundaries of this ratio for synthesis of each zeolite type were determined. Furthermore, the effect of NaOH amount utilized in alkaline fusion step on crystalinity of samples investigated. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using various techniques including; XRD, TGA, FTIR, SEM and BET. The ion-exchange behaviors of zeolitic samples tested with Co²⁺. The obtained Na-X zeolite was crystaline, had a very high cation-exchange capability of 4.9 mequiv. g⁻¹ and possessed relatively high specific surface area of about 434 m² g⁻¹.     

Nanopowders of YAl3(BO3)4 doped by Nd, Yb and Cr obtained by sol-gel method: Synthesis, structure and luminescence properties

Structure, morphology and luminescence properties of nanocrystalline samples of YAl₃(BO₃)₄ (YAB) undoped and doped with neodymium, ytterbium and chromium obtained by the sol-gel method are presented. The best results of synthesis are obtained for mannitol as polymerizing agent. Single phase of nanopowder is obtained for pure YAB. Dopants destroy the compound structure; two other compounds, namely Al₁₈B₄O₃₃ and YBO₃, were revealed by X-ray investigation. Nanopowders show isometric and needles forms, the calculated size of crystallites is about 60 nm. Their optical properties are determined and results are compared to data obtained for single crystal counterparts. It is shown that the influence of rare earth ions incorporated into YBO₃ phase on luminescent spectra and excited state relaxation dynamics of the nanopowders is negligibly small when the YBO₃ content is of the order of several wt%. Residual impurity phases do not affect significantly spectroscopic properties of YAB nanopowders.     

Preparation of CaO as OLED getter material through control of crystal growth of CaCO3 by block copolymers in aqueous solution

As the starting materials of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) getter, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) particles with various shapes and crystal structures have been successfully prepared with additives (L64 or PEGPG), which contain blocks of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO). These CaCO₃ particles were calcinated into highly crystalline calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles with high capacity of water adsorption up to 14.23 wt.%. The CaCO₃ and CaO particles prepared at various conditions were characterized using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) method.     

毛/棉交织物直接酸性染料染色研究

本文对直接和酸性染料在毛棉交织两种不同纤维上的染色性能进行了研究,测定了染液pH值、温度、染色时间和中性电解质对不同纤维上染料竭染率和染色速率的影响。初步探讨了不同结构直接染料与羊毛染色性之间的关系。提出毛/棉交织物羊毛留白、纯色染色和交染的适用染料、染色工艺以及防羊毛沾染剂,对生产实践具有指导意义。     

Century 21 - Pregnant with Ozone

As we enter this new century, it is striking how the number of applications for ozone is growing. During ozone's first century, the emphasis for using it involved primarily, potable water treatment, wastewater treatment, bottled water treatment, odor control and medical therapy. Of these, potable water and wastewater treatment now can be called the “classical” applications for ozone. But there are a great many more uses for this versatile chemical that might be termed “non-classical”, and these began emerging toward the end of the last century. Some of these so-called “non-classical” developing applications for ozone will be reviewed in this paper. As we enter the 21s1 century, applications for ozone in the various aspects of the agricultural and food processing industries are very active and most promising.