Synthesis,Micellization, and Surface Activity of Novel Linear-Dendritic Carboxylate Surfactants

Two generations of novel linear-dendritic carboxylate surfactants C₁₈-G₁-(COONa)₂ and C₁₈-G₂-(COONa)₄ have been synthesized by the divergent method and their structures are characterized by ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infrared analysis. The electrical conductivity measurement is used to measure the Krafft temperatures of C₁₈-G₁-(COONa)₂ and C₁₈-G₂-(COONa)₄, which are much smaller than those of the corresponding conventional surfactant sodium stearate. The markedly enhanced solubility of two linear-dendritic surfactants is ascribed to the high hydrophilicity of surfactant headgroups induced by the carboxylate and ester groups. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values obtained from both the electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements indicate that the micellizations of linear-dendritic surfactants become favorable with the increase in the number of the surfactant headgroup. However, the surface activity parameters including the surface tension at the CMC, maximum surface excess, and minimum surface area reveal that C₁₈-G₁-(COONa)₂ exhibits greater efficiency in absorbing at the air/water interface compared to C₁₈-G₂-(COONa)₄, owing to their different steric repulsions of the surfactant headgroups. In addition, C₁₈-G₁-(COONa)₂ and C₁₈-G₂-(COONa)₄ have higher emulsifying ability than the conventional surfactants sodium stearate and sodium octadecyl sulfate.     

大型软包锂离子电池的热物性实验研究

针对大型软包锂离子电池热物性参数的测定问题,提出适用于该型电池的热参数表征方法. 基于准稳态导热原理,建立电池的传热理论模型. 开展实验研究电池的比定压热容和导热系数与温度的依变关系,分析热损对测试结果的影响,对测试方法的有效性进行验证. 结果表明,电池比定压热容随着温度的升高而线性增大,导热系数受温度的影响较小. 在900 s内可以测得电池热参数在10~60 °C下的变化状况,实验验证结果显示测算精度高于92.3%,具有测算周期短、准确度高和测试灵活等优势.     

变形体温度场和位移场的计算

本文用热源法对简单热传导问题进行了解析解的计算，并应用PDE工具箱求解热传导偏微分方程得到数值解。通过两种温度场的计算结果求出相应的位移场结果，比较可知MATLAB中PDE工具箱对难以用解析法求解的热传导问题有一定的指导作用。     

Preparation and characterization of high salts polymer electrolyte based on poly（lithium acrylate）

1　INTRODUCTIONWorldwide research and efforts are currentlyunderway to fabricate all solid state, rechargeableLi and Li ion batteries utilizing Li+ conductivepolymer electrolytes[1]. Solid polymer electrolytespossesses many advantages including high ionicconductivity, high specific surface energy, solventfree, wide electrochemical stability windows, lightand easy processability[2]. Apart from polyethy lene oxide ( PEO )[3], poly ( vinyl alcohol )(PAV)[4], …     

高强度高导电的形变Cu-Fe原位复合材料

通过合金成分和变形工艺研究, 制备了一种高强度高导电性的形变Cu-Fe原位复合材料.实验结果表明, 铁含量越高, 强度越高, 导电性越低; 加入少量镁或锆, 可提高强度, 但同时损失导电性.在变形过程中, 加入适当的中间热处理, 在改变强度不太大的前提下, 能大大提高导电性.通过合理选择合金成分和变形工艺流程, 可制备不同强度和导电性等级要求的Cu-Fe原位复合材料.     

冷却强度及变形程度对挤压AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

选择AZ31镁合金为原材料,在400℃下挤压散热片型材,就冷却强度及变形程度对制品的性能(抗拉强度和导电率)及组织结构的影响进行研究。结果显示:挤压温度为400℃,制品经水冷却,变形程度大的型材具有更高的抗拉强度和导电率。     

热处理工艺对Cu-Fe-P合金显微硬度及导电率的影响

自行设计了一种Cu Fe P系合金 ,研究了固溶温度、时效温度以及时效时间对该合金显微硬度和导电率的变化规律。结果表明 ,该合金的最佳固溶处理工艺为 90 0℃× 70min ,并在 4 0 0℃× 2h时效条件下具有较好的综合性能 ,显微硬度可达到 10 6 4HV0 1,导电率可达 82 3%IACS。试验结果还表明 ,在 4 0 0℃、5 0 0℃下时效 ,随着时间的延长合金显微硬度会出现两个峰值。     

Electric and mechanical performances of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 prepared by spark plasma sintering

Thermoelectric (TE) materials are a kind of functional materials which can be used to convert directly heat energy to electricity or reversely.The thermoelectric effects hold great potential for application in power generation and refrigeration.Bi2Te3 and its alloys are well known as best TE materials currently available near room temperature.This paper studies respectively the effects of spark plasma sintering (SPS) on electric performance of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 thermoelectric materials that are prepared through vacuum melting and ball milling.Through X-ray Diffraction and cold field emission scanning electric microscope s4800, the phase constituent and microstructure of the TE materials samples were analyzed.Electric conductivity and power factor can be improved with the rise of Spark Plasma Sintering temperature (from 300 to 500 ℃) and pressure(from 30 to 60 MPa), and the density and mechanical strength of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 thermoelectric material increase, too.     

稀土元素Ce对纯铜导电性及力学性能的影响

在纯铜中加入稀土元素Ce,研究不同含量Ce及不同保温时间对纯铜的导电性、抗拉强度、硬度、耐磨性等的影响.研究发现在纯铜中加入Ce起到净化、去杂质的作用,改善纯铜的导电性;也可使晶粒细化,改善纯铜的抗拉强度及其它力学性能.且熔炼时加入稀土后的保温时间要适当.在试验的条件下保温时间以30 min为宜,稀土Ce的最佳加入量w为0.02%.     

Experimental study of NiO electrical conductivity changes under low oxygen pressures

The electrical conductivity of NiO was measured at 740°C in an oxygen pressure range of 10^–2 –1.3 Torr. By means of continuous recording, longtime experiments were performed. The results show that for any admittance of oxygen, the electrical conductivity initially increased and then decreased to its initial value. For pressures higher than 0.1 Torr the decrease of the signal was reduced and the time required to attain the initial value sometimes reached several days. These results suggest that the electrical conductivity changes may be considered as a transitory phenomenon connected to attaining gassolid equilibrium.