日本清酒与我国喂饭黄酒酿造工艺的比较分析

为了借鉴和学习日本清酒先进的酿酒技术,通过比较分析日本清酒与我国喂饭黄酒两种以大米为原料的低度酿造酒的酿造工艺流程、酿造工艺的特征、风格和方法,讨论了日本清酒与我国喂饭黄酒的异同点。并在此基础上,提出了对我国喂饭黄酒酿造工艺的改进和设想。     

Mumefural and related HMF derivatives from Japanese apricot fruit juice concentrate show multiple inhibitory effects on pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus

Fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) has been shown to be effective against influenza A infection in MDCK cells. In this study, we isolated five components from the fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-formylfuran (HMF), 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (mumefural, MF), 2-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (MF‘), 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]hydrogen 1-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate (MA1) and 2-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]hydrogen 1-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate (MA2), and investigated their inhibitory activities against the novel influenza A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1) pandemic virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase functions, which are essential for viral attachment and budding, respectively. An hemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that MF and MF‘ were effective at minimum hemagglutination concentrations of 3.1 and 6.3 mM, respectively. An inhibition study for sialidase activity of the neuraminidase spike showed that MF was the most active anti-sialidase compound with an IC₅₀ value of 0.21 ± 0.01 mM, followed by MA2 (IC₅₀, 0.71 ± 0.09 mM), MA1 (IC₅₀, 1.64 ± 0.31 mM) and MF‘(IC₅₀, 1.62 ± 0.22 mM). Furthermore, MF was shown to inhibit the growth of the pandemic virus in a dose-dependent manner (62 ± 3% inhibition at 5 mM). The results suggest that MF, a citric acid ester linked to HMF at the 1-position of the propane backbone, might be a lead compound for the development of anti-influenza A inhibitors.     

Comparative study on physicochemical and functional properties of egg powders from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken

Physicochemical and functional properties of freeze-dried egg powders (egg white, egg yolk, and whole egg) from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken were studied comparatively. All egg powders had protein content in the range of 91.13–97.03 g/100 g powder. The quail egg powder had higher mineral and essential amino acid contents, but lower fat content as compared to chicken egg powders (P < 0.05). Moreover, egg white powder from both quail and chicken presented higher total amino acids content than corresponding whole egg and egg yolk powders, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study revealed that β-sheet is the major secondary structure of all egg powders. Based on differential scanning calorimetry analysis, quail egg powders showed slightly lower denaturation temperatures than corresponding chicken egg powders (P < 0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis study showed the slight difference in protein patterns of corresponding quail and chicken egg powders. The quail egg powders presented higher protein solubility than corresponding chicken egg powders at all pH tested. Furthermore, quail egg powders exhibited higher emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index with higher foam expansion and stability than the corresponding chicken egg powders. Therefore, Japanese quail egg powders could be used as an alternative to white Leghorn chicken egg in the preparation of foods and diets that require high protein content with positive health benefits.     

一种基于语料库的日语动词格框架自动构造技术

结合一个基于格语法的日汉机器翻译系统,针对现有系统日语动词格框架缺乏的现状,提出一种日语动词格框架自动构造方法.该方法基于类比与统计思想,从现有的少量人工构造的动词格框架和大量生语料出发,自动构造日语动词格框架.     

Prevalence and sequelae of betrayal trauma in a Japanese student sample.

The aims of this study were to test predictions of betrayal trauma theory (Freyd, 1996) in a non-Western culture and to contribute to the limited empirical literature on child abuse in Japan. Per betrayal trauma theory, high betrayal trauma is abuse perpetrated by someone close to the victim, medium betrayal trauma is abuse perpetrated by someone not close, low betrayal trauma involves no identifiable perpetrator, and as level of betrayal increases so does posttraumatic distress and trauma-related memory disruption. Seventy-nine Japanese university students completed an anonymous online survey of trauma experiences, psychological health and cultural values. It was hypothesized that high betrayal childhood abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional maltreatment and/or neglect) would predict greater psychological distress and trauma-related memory disruption than would medium betrayal trauma and these hypotheses were partially supported. Endorsement of traditional Asian cultural values (e.g., interpersonal harmony) was not a significant moderator on the betrayal effects found. The findings partially support predictions of betrayal trauma theory in a non-Western culture and have intervention and prevention implications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

略论早期台湾文化协会的文化启蒙工作

成立于1921年的台湾文化协会在民族主义的感召和鼓舞下,开展了一系列的文化启蒙和文化恢复、保护工作;后来由于协会领导人认识不统一而于1927年宣告分裂。但台湾文化协会在分裂前所做的文化启蒙工作仍具有十分重要的意义,一定程度上恢复了在台地区的中华文化。     

BRIGADIER JOHN TILTMAN: ONE OF BRITAIN'S FINEST CRYPTOLOGISTS

Biography of Brigadier John Tiltman, who worked as a cryptologist for the British and American governments from 1920 to 1980.     

Controlled and modified atmospheres influence chilling injury,fruit quality and antioxidative system of Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindell)

Our objective was to compare the effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on fruit quality, chilling injury (CI) and pro‐ and antioxidative systems in ‘Blackamber’ Japanese plums. Matured fruit were stored for 5 and 8 weeks at 0–1 °C in normal air, CA‐1 (1% O₂ + 3% CO₂), CA‐2 (2.5% O₂ + 3% CO₂) and MAP (~10% O₂ and 3.8% CO₂). CA was more effective than MAP in retention of flesh firmness and titratable acidity during cold storage. Fruit stored in CA‐1 showed reduced CI and membrane lipid peroxidation after 5 and 8 weeks of cold storage. Low O₂ atmospheres appeared to limit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their efficient scavenging through the concerted action of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. The role of ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle in the regulation of oxidative stress was also studied during and after storage in different atmospheres. In conclusion, optimum CA conditions delayed fruit ripening and CI through augmentation of antioxidative metabolism and suppression of oxidative processes.     

Preliminary investigation of a vapor-open envelope tailored for subtropical climate

Concerning global warming and resource depletion, the impact of buildings in subtropical regions is becoming even greater due to a high growth rate of urbanized areas. From the viewpoint of building physics, the main problem concerning subtropical climate is the high level of humidity in combination with high temperature. In this study, a flexible building envelope consisting of wood and clay components was developed so that the materials and the assemblies can be easily tailored to comply with local climatic conditions. The movement and accumulation of moisture in the wall was of prime concern. This has been investigated by means of testing full scale walls in a climate chamber and the corresponding one dimensional transient heat and transfer simulation. In order to achieve a consistency between calculation and measurement, the individual materials were tested for their hygric and thermal properties. Based on these findings attempts were made to calculate the behavior of an optimized wall assembly under real climatic conditions of central Japan. As a result, it was shown that the hygrothermal behavior of the envelope is predictable by means of the models and the simulation program used, and that no risk of interstitial condensation and mold growth was predicted under the real climatic conditions of Kyoto.