浅谈日本和风文化

本文是从日本的工业设计、平面设计、新艺术、服饰等多种角度出发,通过对每个领域的总体把握,以及对具有代表性的设计师和艺术家的单独提炼,探讨并思考日本独特的“和风文化”。     

青辉千古 风霜铸情——扬帆在盐阜区文化活动纪事

“皖南事变”的首批突围者扬帆，来到盐城新四军重建军部后，在陈毅代军长的直接领导下，积极投身根据地文化建设事业，组建“文化村”，发起成立“湖海艺文社”，团结八方云集此地的文化名流，为抗战宣传，为苏北新文化运动，开展了一系列富有成效的文化活动，在华中乃至全国产生较大的反响。     

Captured Kriegsmarine Enigma Documents at Bletchley Park

Abstract

The discovery of intercepts in the Japanese “Orange Translations” regarding the sinking of merchant ships (marus) bearing allied POWs led to the conclusion that the Joint Intelligence Center Pacific Ocean Area (JICPOA) gave latitudes and longitudes of these vessels to the Commander, Submarine Force, Pacific (ComSubPac) knowing that POWs would be killed. An examination of the “Orange Translations” reveals that most of the intercepts are from the Japanese Water Transport Code (2468) system, not the “Maru Code” (JN-11). The author concludes that while JICPOA provided ComSubPac with convoy coordinates, they were unaware of the presence of POWs on the marus.     

THE UNSOLVED MESSAGES OF PEARL HARBOR

In 1941, the United States Navy intercepted enough Japanese naval messages to predict the attack on Pearl Harbor if the code which protected them had been solved. The messages would have disclosed that, while the Japanese government cynically conducted diplomatic negotiations with the United States, the Japanese Combined Fleet under Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, beginning as early as September 1941, systematically prepared ships, crews, weapons, tactics, and a complicated fuel supply system for the most ambitious operation ever undertaken by the Japanese navy. Details of Japan's intentions were hidden from Navy cryptanalysts because of limited manpower resources and because all Japanese navy codes were assigned a lower priority than Japanese diplomatic codes and German submarine threat.     

Discovering characteristic patterns from collections of classical Japanese poems

Waka is a form of traditional Japanese poetry with a 1300-year history. In this paper, we attempt to discover characteristics common to a collection ofwaka poems. As a schema for characteristics, we use regular patterns where the constant parts are limited to sequences of auxiliary verbs and postpostional particles. We call such patternsfushi. The problem is to automate the process of finding significantfushi patterns that characterize the poems. Solving this problem requires a reliable significance measure for the patterns. Brāzma et al. (1996) proposed such a measure according to the MDL principle. Using this method, we report successful results in finding patterns from five anthologies. Some of the results are quite stimulating, and we hope that they will lead to new discoveries. Mayumi Yamasaki, M.A.: She received her B.E. and M.A. degrees from Kyushu Institute of Technology in 1997 and from Kyushu University in 1999, respectively. Her research interests include machine discovery and datamining. Presently, she works at Fujitsu FIP Corporation. Masayuki Takeda, Dr. Eng.: He is an Associate Professor in Department of informatics at Kyushu University. He received his B.S., M.S., and Dr. Eng. degrees from Kyushu University in 1987, 1989 and 1996 respectively. His present research interests include pattern matching algorithims, text compression, discovery science, information retrieval and natural language processing. He is a member of Information Processing Society of Japan, Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence and Japanese Society for Soft-ware Science and Technology. Tomoko Fukuda, M.A.: She is a Lecturer at Fukuoka Jo Gakuin University and at Junshin Women’s Junior College, She received her B.A. and M.A. degrees from Fukuoka Women’s University in 1987 and from Kyushu University in 1992 respectively. Her present research interests are in Japanese literature in the Heian period and classical 31-syllable Japanese poems. She is a member of Waka-Bungaku Kai (Society for Study of Japanese Poems) and Chuko-Bungaku Kai (Society for Study of Japanese Literature in the Heian Period). Ichiro Nanri, M.A.: He is an Associate Professor at Junshin Women’s Juior College. He received his B.A. and M.A. degrees from Kyushu University in 1990 and 1995 respectively. His present research interests are in Japanese language in the Heian-Kamakura period and classical 31-syllable Japanese poems. He is a member of Kokugo Gakkai (Society for Study of Japanese Language) and Kuntengo Gakkai (Society for Studyy of Old Language).     

日本清酒入门（二）

简要介绍日本清酒的生产方法，包括酒的知识、精米、蒸米、制曲、酵母、分析、勾兑等。     

Combining linguistic resources to create a machine-tractable Japanese-Malay dictionary

We present a method for combining two bilingual dictionaries to make a third, using one language as a pivot. In this case we combine a Japanese-English dictionary with a Malay-English dictionary, to produce a Japanese-Malay dictionary. Our method differs from previous methods in its improved matching through normalization of the pivot language. We have made a prototype dictionary of around 76,000 Japanese-Malay pairs for 50,000 Japanese head words.     

日语下对上赞美的礼貌策略研究

赞美应遵循"真诚性"原则,但在日语语用实践中,常常出现下级乐于对上级真诚赞美却弄巧成拙的情况。从"礼貌策略理论"角度究其因,是缘于"评价式表扬"的肆意发挥,而忽视了"欣赏式赞美"才是下对上赞美的利器,以致无法达到赞美的"愉悦性"原则。     

The use of non-persistent herbicides,glyphosate, and 2,4-D amine,to control riparian stands of Japanese knotweed (reynoutria japonica houtt.)

The non-persistent herbicides glyphosate and 2,4-D amine were applied to riparian stands of R. japonica on the banks of the River Cynon, South Wales at doses of 2154 g and 2790 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha^?1 respectively. Glyphosate being tested with one or two applications per season, 2,4-D amine with two only. Two weeks after spraying, the biomass and leaf area ratio of shoots in all treated plots was depressed but was significantly (P < 0–01) lower in the 2,4-D amine plots. Ten weeks after treatment shoots had begun to recover but the biomass was still < 40 per cent of the control areas. Rapid (six weeks after treatment) recovery of Leaf Area Ratio was also observed. Second applications of glyphosate and 2,4-D amine to the respective plots resulted in shoot death after four weeks. Management recommendations are made for the control of R. japonica on riverbanks based on the results presented.     

Antioxidant activity of Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.) fruit

Antioxidants were extracted from Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.) fruit and characterized. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract from Japanese pepper fruit was found to be equal to that of α-tocopherol and stable under heat treatment. The main compounds that gave a significant antioxidant activity from the methanol extract were identified to be hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) and quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) as determined by HPLC, mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and TLC. Radical-scavenging activities of hyperoside and quercitrin from Japanese pepper fruit were evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. As a result, hyperoside and quercitrin scavenged DPPH radical strongly with IC₅₀ values of 16 and 18 μM, respectively. These observations show the presence of strong antioxidants, namely hyperoside and quercitrin in Japanese pepper fruit.