Measurement of the thermal diffusivity of molten KCl up to 1000°C by the forced Rayleigh scattering method

This paper describes measurement of the thermal diffusivity of molten KCl in the temperature range from 804 to 1030°C by the forced Rayleigh scattering method. In this contact-free optical measuring technique for the thermal diffusivity of liquids, a sample needs to be colored by the admixture of a dye for suitable absorption of a heating laser beam. The dye substances employed are CoCl₂ and NiCl₂, which were chosen through the experimental evaluation. The accuracy is estimated to be ±7% for molten KCl colored with NiCl₂. The results converted to thermal conductivity show one of the smallest values among other previous data; the difference is a factor of four. The present study demonstrates the promising applicability of the forced Rayleigh scattering method to the measurement of high-temperature molten salts, which has never be attained by other conventional methods.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

海水浓缩Na+、K+、Mg2+//Cl-、(SO2-4)-H2O体系的分离方法研究进展

根据海水浓缩体系组成,本文综述了其分离方法.针对氯化钾分离,讨论了冷分解正浮选法、冷结晶正/反浮选法、淘洗柱分离法和电势法等方法,并对各工艺进行了比较.对于氯化钠介绍了浮选剂在氯化钠表面吸附的原理、3类浮选剂及各自优缺点,以及N-烷基吗啉和脂肪酰胺的制备方法.比较了Na+、K+、Mg2 +//C1 -、(SO2-4) -H2O五元系统介稳平衡相图和Van't Hoff的稳定平衡相图.在五元介稳相图中,由于钾镁钒和钾盐镁钒结晶区域消失,导致硫酸镁和氯化钾的结晶区域直接相连,若采用海水蒸发浓缩工艺,可直接制备氯化钾;而对于固体混合盐可考虑制备硫酸型钾盐工艺.     

钻井液材料对三维荧光录井的影响

针对南海东部海域所使用的钻井液材料展开讨论,探究通过三维荧光录井技术进行区分油气显示荧光与钻井液材料产生的荧光,以及钻井液材料对三维荧光录井技术的影响;探寻由钻井液材料造成影响的解决办法。     

抗高温KCl聚磺钻井液体系在伊朗FX井中的应用

针对伊朗YADA区块上部地层极易水化分散、下部地层压力系统复杂、井底温度高,极易发生井壁坍塌、井漏、井喷、卡钻、下套管困难等深井复杂情况。通过对该地区复杂地层固井技术难点分析,借鉴国内KCl聚磺钻井液体系应用经验,室内研究了适合于该地区钻进的抗高温KCl聚磺体系,并对该配方进行性能评价及优化,通过在FX井的现场应用,表明该KCl聚磺体系抑制性能好、封堵性强、抗高温性能稳定、润滑性好,解决了FX井井壁稳定等技术难题,满足了该井工程地质要求,实现了该井预期勘探开发目的,为该地区勘探开发积累了经验。     

老挝钾盐矿5万t/a氯化钾生产关键技术

"老挝钾盐矿5万t/a氯化钾生产关键技术研究"是云南省科技强省计划专项项目。阐述了老挝钾盐矿工业化开发的目的和意义,研究了老挝钾盐矿从原料预处理、分解分级、浮选加工氯化钾生产工艺的关键技术,并就老挝钾盐矿规模化开发提出建议。     

Effect of KCl substitution on bacterial viability of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and selected probiotics

Excessive intake of NaCl has been associated with the increased risk of several diseases, particularly hypertension. Strategies to reduce sodium intake include substitution of NaCl with other salts, such as KCl. In this study, the effects of NaCl reduction and its substitution with KCl on cell membranes of a cheese starter bacterium (Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis), probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei), and a pathogenic bacterium (Escherichia coli) were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A critical NaCl concentration that inhibited the viability of E. coli without affecting the viability of probiotic bacteria significantly was determined. To find the critical NaCl concentration, de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth was supplemented with a range of NaCl concentrations [0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0%], and the effect on cell viability and FTIR spectra was monitored for all bacteria. A NaCl concentration of 2.5% was found to be the critical level of NaCl to inhibit E. coli without significantly affecting the viability of most of the probiotic bacteria and the cheese starter bacterium. The FTIR spectral analysis also highlighted the changes that occurred mainly in the amide regions upon increasing the NaCl concentration from 2.5 to 3.0% in most of the bacteria. Escherichia coli and B. longum were more sensitive to substitution of NaCl with KCl, compared with Lb. acidophilus, Lb. casei, and Lc. lactis ssp. lactis. To evaluate the effect of substitution of NaCl with KCl, substitution was carried out at the critical total salt concentration (2.5%, wt/vol) at varying concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% KCl). The findings suggest that 50% substitution of NaCl with KCl, at 2.5% total salt, could inhibit E. coli without affecting the probiotic bacteria.     

Impact on ammonia volatilization losses of mixing KCl of high pH with urea

Ammonia volatilization associated with urea hydrolysis has been shown to be primarily associated with the pH of the soil solution and its buffering ability in the immediate zone of the fertilizer granule. Numerous studies have also shown that these losses can be reduced significantly by the addition of large amounts of KCl with the urea. Because the pH of commercial sources of potash ranges from 6.5 to 9.5, investigations were conducted to determine if the high pH of these K sources had an effect on the ammonia lost from three contrasting soils. Despite large ammonia losses (approximately 50% of N applied) and a significant reduction in loss due to the use of KCl (30%-50% reduction), the experiments showed no effect of potash pH on ammonia loss. It may be concluded that no risk of enhanced ammonia loss can be associated with the use of high-pH potash sources.     

乙炔在CuCl-KCl-HCl-H_2O催化体系中的二聚反应动力学和反应机理——反应速率与催化剂酸度的关系

本工作采用常压流动法,在全返混状态下,研究了乙炔在CuCl-KCl-HCl-H_2O 催化体系中的均相二聚反应动力学。结果表明,催化剂中的H~+ 对反应起阻滞作用;当其他参数不变时,反应速率方程为:rM=A/(B+a_1)。要提高乙烯基乙炔收率,必须严格控制催化剂的酸度。     

球形氯化钾结晶过程与聚结机理研究

针对球形氯化钾结晶过程与聚结机理不明的问题,以冷却结晶法通过过程取样制备与表征了两种不同形貌的氯化钾在不同结晶阶段的晶体形貌与粒度分布特征,从而对比分析了球形氯化钾的结晶过程。并从结晶热力学、经典浸润理论和Lifshitz-Van der Waals酸碱理论出发解释了球形氯化钾形成的主要机理是添加剂的添加减小了结晶体系的介稳区宽度及增大了晶体颗粒在结晶溶剂中的粘附自由能,导致结晶体系更容易以聚结的方式实现球形结晶。介稳区宽度减小和晶体颗粒在结晶溶剂中粘附自由能增大的同步调控有助于实现氯化钾的球形结晶。     

氯化钾溶液中离子水化的分子动力学模拟

使用Material Studio软件包中的COMPASS力场,采用分子动力学模拟的方法研究了温度为298.15 K时,浓度分别为1.065 mol/L、2.140 mol/L、3.129 mol/L的氯化钾溶液中离子水化的微观结构和动力学性质.发现浓度对离子近程水化的结构有一定的影响,随着溶液浓度的增加O-O径向分布...