辽河油田浅海钻井液技术

辽河油田滩海地区上部隔水管井段以流砂层为主，机械钻速高，环空岩屑量大，选用了正电胶钻井液；中下部地层富含以蒙脱石、伊蒙混层为主的泥岩，并且存在强坍塌应力及由沉积引起的超高压地层流体，存在井壁失稳问题；由于多个压力系统在同一裸眼段并存，油气水层相容、相近，极易发生井漏、井涌、井塌、卡钻等复杂事故，加之地层压力预测的局限，更增加了钻探难度，因此优选了海水KCl钻井液。在13口井的应用表明，海水KCl钻井液性能稳定，黏土容量限高，抗盐污染能力强，具有稳定井壁、井眼清洁、润滑防卡和保护油气层等特点，满足了辽河钻井的需要以及海洋环保的要求。     

烧结机头电除尘灰的分级利用

摘要：以某钢铁企业烧结机头电除尘灰为原料，采用水浸-过滤-蒸发浓缩-冷却结晶工艺研究KCl的回收试验及浸出渣的再利用。研究浸出时间、液固比、搅拌速度和浸出温度等因素对KCl的回收效果的影响。结果表明：1号、2号电场除尘灰经过一次水洗浸出后，碱金属K、Na的脱除率分别达99.90%、99.99%和99.85%、99.93%，浸出渣铁品位为47.51%和43.90%，重金属Pb质量分数为0.14%和0.57%，浸出渣可返回烧结工序；3号、4号电场除尘灰经过二次水洗浸出后，碱金属K、Na的脱除率分别达99.34%、99.66%和99.38%、99.69%,浸出渣铁品位为35.19%和20.86%，重金属Pb质量分数为10.86%和14.50%，浸出渣可作为火法回收铅的原料。浸出液经过蒸发浓缩冷却结晶，得到产品中KCl质量分数为93.39%。     

Effects of pH and Inorganic Salts on the Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Systems on Activated Decolorizing Charcoal

Abstract

An experimental investigation of the effects of pH and three inorganic salts (KCl, KI, and NaCl) on the adsorption isotherms of phenol (from a dilute aqueous solution) on activated charcoal was conducted. Each salt was studied at three different concentrations, i.e., 0.1, 0.001, and 0.005 M. The effect of pH (in the pH range 3 to 11) in the presence of KI, KCl, and NaCl was also investigated. The concentration of phenol in the aqueous systems studied ranged from 10 to 200 ppm. The temperature effect was also studied, and the resulting experimental equilibrium isotherms at 30, 40, and 55°C are well represented by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Redlich—Paterson isotherms. The relevant parameters for these isotherms are presented.     

Characterising protein,salt and water interactions with combined vibrational spectroscopic techniques

In this paper a combination of NIR spectroscopy and FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy was used to elucidate the effects of different salts (NaCl, KCl and MgSO₄) on structural proteins and their hydration in muscle tissue. Multivariate multi-block technique Consensus Principal Component Analysis enabled integration of different vibrational spectroscopic techniques: macroscopic information obtained by NIR spectroscopy is directly related to microscopic information obtained by FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy. Changes in protein secondary structure observed at different concentrations of salts were linked to changes in protein hydration affinity. The evidence for this was given by connecting the underlying FTIR bands of the amide I region (1700–1600 cm⁻¹) and the water region (3500–3000 cm⁻¹) with water vibrations obtained by NIR spectroscopy. In addition, Raman microspectroscopy demonstrated that different cations affected structures of aromatic amino acid residues differently, which indicates that cation–π interactions play an important role in determination of the final structure of protein molecules.     

十二烷基吗啉的合成工艺研究

N-十二烷基吗啉是一种应用广泛的精细化工产品,其在矿物浮选方面的使用尤为重要,在氯化钾装置采用的最先进的反浮选-冷结晶法浮选工艺中,均以N-十二烷基吗啉为主的复合浮选剂,这种工艺得到的氯化钾产品质量可以达到国际先进水平。本工艺以十二醇和吗啉为原料,在Ni-Cu负载型催化剂的作用下,临氢连续低压合成N-十二烷基吗啉,十二醇的单程转化率为98.41%,产品收率达到95.35%,产品纯度为97%。     

硫基复合肥装置的技术改造

介绍硫基复合肥装置技改后,既可生产硫基复合肥又可生产粒状MAP和DAP的工艺流程及设备选型;技改后的2套硫基复合肥装置,每年在淡季时生产粒状MAP和DAP 6万t,可创经济效益1 000万元。同时介绍全部用国产白钾代替进口红钾生产硫基复合肥的技术,每年生产50万t硫基复合肥,可节约原料成本8 000万元。     

石墨炉法测定KCl、NaHCO3粉末中的微量Al

研究了KCl、NaHCO3 粉末中的微量铝的无焰原子吸收分析方法 ,考察了石墨炉原子化条件、干扰的消除及载气的选择 ,其相对标准偏差小于 5 % ,回收率在 95 %～ 10 5 %之间     

海水基氯化钾钻井液在仙鹤4井的应用

辽河滩海仙鹤地区一些层段钻进中易发生坍塌的原因是:粘土矿物水化、膨胀、分散及运移;外来流体侵入泥页岩层理及裂缝;负压钻井引起井壁力学失稳。在超高压、强造浆、强坍塌应力、可溶盐污染的沙河街组,高密度钻井液流变性能难控制,润滑性能难保证,易发生井下复杂情况及压差粘附卡钻。基于强抑制、严封堵、适当高密度防塌和流变性、造壁性、抑制性协调统一的思路,研制了一种海水基氯化钾钻井液,报道了钻井液组成,给出了基本配方,该配方中不包含降粘剂。详细介绍了在仙鹤4井(评价井)钻进中钻井液的配制、转化及维护措施;使用该体系钻井液钻进时,起下钻、钻进顺利,返出的砂样完整,井径扩大率平均5.6%,最大缩径率2.8%,电测顺利,岩心收获率97.65%,钻井液流变性控制良好,钻井周期短(60天)。     

家H2分支水平井钻井液技术

家H2井是大港油田第一口分支水平井,位于沈家铺油田官107×1断块,目的层为孔二2油组上砂体.该井为三开井,由一个主井眼和两个分支井眼构成,完钻垂深为2211.65 m,斜深为2658 m,井底水平位移为521 m,最大井斜为92.87°;一分支水平段段长为119.12 m,最大井斜为92.19°;二分支水平段段长为25 m,最大井斜为92°.该井二开井段使用聚合物钻井液,三开井段使用无固相KCl聚合物钻井液,采用无固相超低渗透技术保护油层,满足了筛管完井对油层保护技术的要求.在施工过程中无固相KCl聚合物钻井液性能稳定,携砂洗井能力强,滤失量小,能有效地稳定井壁,保护油气层,大大提高了原油产量.