Physicochemical properties of low sodium frankfurter with added walnut: effect of transglutaminase combined with caseinate, KCl and dietary fibre as salt replacers

This study compares the effects of combinations of microbial transglutaminase (TGase) and various non-meat ingredients (caseinate, KCl and wheat fibre) used as salt replacers, with the effects of NaCl on the physicochemical properties (cooking loss, emulsion stability, texture and colour) of frankfurters with added walnuts. The combination of TGase with caseinate, KCl or fibre led to harder, springier and chewier (P < 0.05) frankfurters with better water- and fat-binding properties (emulsion stability and cooking loss) (P < 0.05) than those made with TGase only. Ranking of ingredient efficiency in combination with TGase showed that caseinate > KCl > fibre. Frankfurters with caseinate presented the highest lightness and the lowest redness values. Frankfurter with NaCl had a harder, springier and chewier gel/emulsion network with lower cooking loss than those NaCl free.     

Electrode reaction of the Np3+/Np couple in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts

The electrochemical behaviour of the Np³⁺/Np couple in the LiCl–KCl eutectic salt was investigated by electromotive force measurements, cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry in the temperature region between 723 and 823 K. The standard redox potential of the Np³⁺/Np couple vs Ag/AgCl (1.00 wt %) was measured and given by the equation, E _Np ³⁺ _/Np ^° = –2.0298 + 0.000706 T, where E is in V and T in K. The electrode reaction of the Np³⁺/Np couple was almost reversible under the conditions studied. The diffusion coefficient of Np³⁺, D _Np ³⁺, in the LiCl–KCl eutectic melts between 723 and 823 K was represented by the equation, D _Np ³⁺ = 2.22 × 10^–6 – 6.88 × 10^–9 T + 5.60 × 10^–12 T ² cm² s^–1. The adsorption and desorption peaks of Np at the Mo working electrode caused by underpotential deposition were also observed in the cyclic voltammograms, and the work function of Np was evaluated as 3.04 eV by peak analysis of the cyclic voltammograms.     

纯Ni和Ni基合金在ZnCl2—KCl盐膜下的腐蚀

考察了表面涂有ZnCl2-KCl盐膜的纯Ni和M38G,GH864两种Ni基合金在450℃纯氧气氛中的耐蚀性。结果表明：3种材料均发生了加速性腐蚀,形成的表面产物膜十分疏松并与基体的粘附性较差;合金中较高的Cr含量并没有提供良好的保护性,其腐蚀速度高于纯Ni。分析了NiO与Cr2O3氧化膜在该环境中具有不同热力学稳定性的原因,并讨论了材料的加速腐蚀机理。     

P91铁素体耐热钢在KCl、ZnCl2和KCl-ZnCl2盐膜下的腐蚀

研究了P91铁素体耐热钢分别在KCl,ZnCl2以及KCl-ZnCl2混合盐膜下在450度氧化性气氛中的腐蚀,结果表明,合金在三种盐膜下均发生了加速《腐蚀,在混合盐膜下的腐蚀最为严重,形成的氧化膜厚且疏松,与基体的粘附性较差,在氧化膜／合金界面均发生氯的富集,而在基体内还出现了由氯导致的局部腐蚀,讨论了合金发生加速腐蚀的机制。     

萘哌地尔衍生物BWYJ 扩张血管效应及其机理研究

目的: 观察萘哌地尔衍生物BWYJ 对家兔血管活动的影响, 并探讨其血管活性机理, 为该药的开发研究提供基础资料。方法: 采用家兔主动脉收缩的方法, 观察BWYJ 对去甲肾上腺素(NA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT) 和高钾量效曲线的影响;应用无Ca²⁺-复Ca²⁺的实验法, 以NA 和咖啡因为血管收缩剂, 间接观察BWYJ 对细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca²⁺]_i) 的影响,并分析其可能作用机理。结果: BWYJ 10^-7、3×10^-7、10^-6mol·L^-1使NA 量效曲线明显平行右移, 而最大反应不变, pA2 值为7.61 。本品10^-6、10^-5 mol·L^-1对5-HT 量效曲线也有同样的效应, pA2值为6.56 。而当剂量为3×10^-6、10^-5 mol·L^-1时,对氯化钾(KCl) 量效曲线没有明显影响。在无钙Krebs 液中, BWYJ 10^-7、3× 10^-7、10^-6 和10^-5 mol·L^-1呈浓度依赖性抑制NA 所致血管条的短暂收缩, 对复Ca²⁺后NA 所诱发的持续收缩也呈剂量依赖性抑制作用, 但其剂量达10^-5 mol·L^-1时尚不能抑制咖啡因在无Ca²⁺液中所致收缩。结论: BWYJ 可能是一种α受体阻断剂, 兼有拮抗5-HT 受体的作用。其扩血管的机理可能是通过阻断细胞膜上的α受体或5-HT 受体, 从而抑制这些受体中介的Ca²⁺内流和Ca²⁺释放所致。     

Electrodeposition of Li and electrochemical formation of Mg–Li alloys from the eutectic LiCl–KCl

The electrochemical behavior of Li⁺ was studied at the inert and active electrodes in the molten LiCl–KCl eutectic. Transient electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry were used in order to explore the deposition mechanism of Li. The reduction process of Li⁺ is irreversible and the diffusion coefficient of Li⁺ at 723 K was determined as 6.68(±0.07) × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹. During the electrodeposition process of Li, the electrocrystallization played an important role. The chronoamperometric studies indicated that instantaneous nucleation existed during the electrodeposition process of Li metal. At a Mg electrode, the electroreduction of Li⁺ takes place at a less cathodic potential values than that at Mo electrode which indicated the formation of Mg–Li alloy. The Mg–Li alloy films with different crystal phase were obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.     

无固相KCl聚合物钻井液体系在伊拉克鲁迈拉油田的应用

伊拉克鲁迈拉油田三开地层存在大段的泥页岩,易发生剥落坍塌,储层砂岩段长,渗透性好,易发生渗漏和形成小井眼。钻井液体系从一开始单纯追求井下的稳定性,到兼顾井壁稳定、储层保护、S型和J型井的摩阻降低,最终形成了无固相KCl聚合物钻井液体系。主要从室内实验和现场应用方面详细阐述了体系的形成和现场应用效果。     

G105钻具用钢在8%KCl溶液中缓蚀剂的研究

采用旋转挂片法对G105在8%的KCL溶液中的缓蚀剂进行筛选;通过缓蚀剂加入前后极化曲线的变化,分析了缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理;根据滞后环实验,研究了缓蚀剂在8%KCL溶液中对G105的点蚀抑制作用。结果表明:(1)2%含硅复合缓蚀剂(水玻璃)+10mg/L HEDP+15mg/L氯化锌缓蚀效果最好,其缓蚀率高达98.5%;(2)缓蚀剂的加入对腐蚀反应的阴极过程有明显的抑制作用,同时对腐蚀反应的阳极过程也有一定的抑制作用,该缓蚀剂是以抑制阴极过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂;(3)对点蚀有很好的抑制效果。     

^238U裂变产物传输效率的测定

用气喷咀反冲传输技术将14MeV中子引起~(288)U裂变的裂变产物从照射位置传输到15m远的实验区.氮气作传输气体,KCl作添加剂.活性炭和混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜作阻止、吸附材料.Ge(Li)探测器测得的12个核素的传输效率大都在40—70％之间。     

Single Chromatographic Step for β-Galactosidase Purification: Influence of Salt and Elution Parameters

β-galactosidase purification was performed by ion exchange chromatography in which the main elution parameters and different elution salts (NaCl, KCl, and (NH₄)₂SO₄) were evaluated through distinct purification strategies. Among the salts under analysis, KCl was the best one for β-galactosidase purification, since it reached a 95.1% recovery and an 8.2-fold purification factor. NaCl, which is the most common elution salt found in the literature, obtained a 75.1% recovery and a 7.5-fold purification factor whereas ammonium sulfate, as salt elution, yielded a 72.1% recovery and a 3-fold purification factor in the same conditions.