A uniplanar printed antenna with an inverted L‐shaped coupling feed for LTE/GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS operations

A novel uniplanar printed antenna with a total size of 115 × 40 mm² is proposed for mobile device application. By using an inverted L‐shaped feeding mechanism and a meandered shorting strip, a dual‐band operation with wideband characteristic can be achieved. Here, the lower operating band is able to cover the LTE 700 and GSM 850/900 operations, while the higher operating band allows DCS 1800, PCS 1900, UMTS, and LTE 2300 operations. Furthermore, in order to increase the bandwidth of the higher operating band so that LTE 2500 operation can also be covered, an additional parasitic stub is attached to the feed line to excite a resonant frequency at around 2.72 GHz. Parametric studies via simulation are carried out, and prototype of the proposed antenna is also experimentally investigated to validate the simulated results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2012.     

VPN及其安全技术研究

VPN(虚拟专用网)是在公共网的基础上建立的适合用户需求的虚拟网络，它可以节省费用，同时又具有高度安全性。介绍了VPN的相关技术，尤其是隧道技术，并分析了基于各层协议(第2层隧道协议PPTP／L2TF和第3层隧道协议IPSec)建立隧道的过程、方法和优缺点。     

一类非线性对象基于区间观测器的L2增益性能综合

本文针对一类非线性系统,首次考虑了基于区间观测器的L2增益性能控制器设计问题.该控制器的设计主要分两个步骤:首先,设计了该非线性系统的区间观测器,使得观测器系统与原系统之间的误差系统为单调系统;然后,基于该区间观测器系统设计了观测器状态反馈控制律,使得相应的闭环系统为渐近稳定且具有L2增益性能.最后,仿真数例表明了本文所提出方法的有效性.     

Identification and Characterization of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) 1a and 1b Genes by CRISPR/Cas9-Targeted Mutagenesis in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

The CRISPR/Cas9 site-directed gene-editing system offers great advantages for identifying gene function and crop improvement. The circadian clock measures and conveys day length information to control rhythmic hypocotyl growth in photoperiodic conditions, to achieve optimal fitness, but operates through largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we generated core circadian clock evening components, Brassica rapa PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (BrPRR) 1a, 1b, and 1ab (both 1a and 1b double knockout) mutants, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in Chinese cabbage, where 9–16 genetic edited lines of each mutant were obtained. The targeted deep sequencing showed that each mutant had 2–4 different mutation types at the target sites in the BrPRR1a and BrPRR1b genes. To identify the functions of BrPRR1a and 1b genes, hypocotyl length, and mRNA and protein levels of core circadian clock morning components, BrCCA1 (CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1) and BrLHY (LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL) a and b were examined under light/dark cycles and continuous light conditions. The BrPRR1a and 1ab double mutants showed longer hypocotyls, lower core circadian clock morning component mRNA and protein levels, and a shorter circadian rhythm than wildtype (WT). On the other hand, the BrPRR1b mutant was not significantly different from WT. These results suggested that two paralogous genes may not be associated with the same regulatory function in Chinese cabbage. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 is an efficient tool for achieving targeted genome modifications and elucidating the biological functions of circadian clock genes in B. rapa, for both breeding and improvement.     

Spanish Melon Landraces: Revealing Useful Diversity by Genomic,Morphological, and Metabolomic Analysis

Spain is a secondary centre of the diversification of the melon (Cucumis melo L.), with high diversity represented in highly appreciated landraces belonging to the Flexuosus and Ibericus groups. A collection of 47 accessions of Flexuosus, Chate, Piel de Sapo, Tendral, Amarillo, Blanco, and Rochet was analysed using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. A total of 66,971 quality SNPs were identified. Genetic analysis differentiated Ibericus accessions and exotic materials (Ameri, Momordica, Kachri, and Agrestis), while Flexuous accessions shared ancestry between them. Within the Ibericus group, no clear genomic distinction could be identified for the different landraces evaluated, with accessions of different landraces showing high genetic similarity. The morphological characterization confirmed that the external colour and fruit shape had been used as recognition patterns for Spanish melon landraces, but variability within a landrace exists. Differences were found in the sugars and acid and volatile profiles of the materials. Flexuosus and Chate melons at the immature commercial stage accumulated malic acid and low levels of hexoses, while Ibericus melons accumulated high contents of sucrose and citric acid. Specific trends could be identified in the Ibericus landraces. Tendral accumulated low levels of sugars and citric acid and high of malic acid, maintaining higher firmness, Rochet reached higher levels of sugars, and Amarillo tended to lower malic acid contents. Interestingly, high variability was found within landraces for the acidic profile, offering possibilities to alter taste tinges. The main volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Flexuosus and Chate were aldehydes and alcohols, with clear differences between both groups. In the Ibericus landraces, general trends for VOC accumulation could be identified, but, again, a high level of variation exists. This situation highlights the necessity to develop depuration programs to promote on-farm in situ conservation and, at the same time, offers opportunities to establish new breeding program targets and to take advantage of these sources of variation.     

一种基于全变分技术和Lp伪范数的椒盐噪声去除方法

针对传统各向同性全变分（Isotropy total variation,ITV）去噪算法容易导致图像边缘模糊、不易保持图像细节信息等问题,提出一种基于L _p 伪范数和各向同性全变分的图像去噪方法。该方法将L _p 伪范数代替ITV模型中的L ₁范数,利用交替方向乘子算法（Alternating direction method of multipliers, ADMM）将能量泛函拆解成若干个子问题,并将差分算子视为卷积算子;然后引入卷积定理和快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier transform, FFT)提高算法运算效率;最后通过Matlab进行仿真实验,运用图像质量的客观和主观评价方法进行评价分析。结果表明,本文方法能够较好地保留图像的边缘特性,有效提升去噪效果。     

LDC1000电感数字传感器的转速测量设计

不同于传统检测转速的方法,本测量方法在金属齿轮转速的检测方法中提出了新的设计思路,以LDC1000电感数字传感器为核心,以低功耗、低成本的MSP430F149为主控芯片,加上自制电感线圈来完成转速测量.射频收发芯片nRF24L01作为转速信息数据传输装置,发展前景良好.本文分析了转速测量的理论依据,给出电路原理图及其程序流程,实现对金属齿轮的转速测量、数据的传输共享.     

一种低功耗的振弦式传感器测频系统设计

为实现无市电情况下振弦式传感器对被测对象的长期实时监测,介绍了一种基于STM32L152微处理器的高精度、低功耗振弦式传感器测频系统。系统硬件包含传感器激振、信号调理、数据存储以及电源管理等模块。软件上利用Rife与Quinn算法,降低传感器激振电压、缩短激振时间,极大地减少了测频系统的功耗。实验结果表明：系统的平均工作电流为23.2 mA,休眠电流为15μA,频率测量相对误差小于0.025%,满足工程上振弦式传感器对测频精度和功耗的要求。     

基于ATmega128的步进电机细分驱动技术

本文根据合成电流矢量恒幅均匀旋转法,利用AVR高档8位单片机ATmega128的16位PWM模块产生双PWM信号,结合双全桥功率驱动芯片L298N来实现二相混合式步进电机的细分驱动,给出了细分驱动的硬件设计原理图以及相应的软件控制流程图。实验结果表明:该细分驱动器具有控制精度高、低频运行平滑度稳定、并且根据具体应用场合要求有细分数可调等特点。