传递对准中时间延迟的补偿方法

在机载战术导弹动基座传递对准过程中,主惯导数据传递给弹载计算机有时间延迟因而会影响传递对准中卡尔曼滤波器的收敛速度和精度.研究分析了从机载火控计算机所传递的主惯导数据以及这些数据的延迟时间,提出直接利用主惯导姿态四元素、载机角速度和延迟时间等主惯导数据进行四元素计算,得出延迟后的主惯导姿态四元素,进而获得补偿后的量测失准角的算法,并建立基于"速度 姿态"匹配方式的传递对准仿真模型进行验证,仿真结果表明该算法能有效的抑制时间延迟所造成的影响.     

基于最大似然准则Hausdorff距离的跟踪算法

针对视频处理中运动物体的检测和跟踪问题,提出一种基于最大似然准则Hausdorff距离的目标跟踪算法,首先利用基于GVF的Snake方法获得物体模型;然后采用基于最大似然准则的Hausdorff距离匹配后续帧中的目标,搜索策略采用类似于Rucklidge提出的多分辨率搜索方法,在不影响搜索成功率和目标定位精度的情况下, 可以显著地缩短搜索时间;最后使用Snake方法完成运动物体的轮廓更新.实验表明该方法可以较好地跟踪刚性和非刚性物体,同时对部分被遮挡的目标也有良好的跟踪效果.     

A new scaling algorithm for the maximum mean cut problem

We present a new scaling algorithm for the maximum mean cut problem. The mean of a cut is defined by the cut capacity divided by the number of arcs crossing the cut. The algorithm uses an approximate binary search and solves the circulation feasibility problem with relaxed capacity bounds. The maximum mean cut problem has recently been studied as a dual analogue of the minimum mean cycle problem in the framework of the minimum cost flow problem by Ervolina and McCormick. A networkN=(G, lower, upper) with lower and upper arc capacities is said to be -feasible ifN has a feasible circulation when we relax the capacity bounds by ; that is, we use (lower(a)- , upper(a)+) bounds instead of (lower(a), upper(a)) bounds for each arca A. During an approximate binary search we maintain two bounds,LB andUB, such thatN is LB-infeasible andUB-feasible, and we reduce the interval size (LB, UB) by at least one-third at each iteration. For a graph withn vertices, m arcs, and integer capacities bounded byU, the running time of this algorithm is O(mn log(nU). This time bound is better than the time achieved by McCormick and Ervolina under thesimilarity condition (that is,U=O(n^o(1))). Our algorithm can be naturally used for the circulation feasibility problem, and thus provides a new scaling algorithm for the minimum cut problem.Research supported by a grant-in-aid of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.     

Integrated mathematical optimisation approach for the tower crane hook routing problem to satisfy material demand requests on-site

Optimising decisions around the location and operation of tower cranes can improve the workflow in construction projects. Traditionally, the location and allocation problems involved in tower crane operations in the literature have been solved separately from the assignment of material supply points to demand points and the scheduling of the crane’s activity sequence across supply and demand points on a construction site. To address the gap, this paper proposes a binary integer programming problem, where location of the tower crane, allocation of supply points to material-demanding regions, and routing of hook of the crane based on activity sequencing of the hook across supply and material-demanding regions on site are optimised. The novelty in this work is in the way the crane’s activity scheduling is modelled via mathematical programming, based on routing the hook movement to meet material demand, through minimising tower crane operating costs. A realistic case study is solved to assess the validity of the model. The model is contrasted with results obtained from other solving algorithms commonly adopted in the literature, along with a solution proposed by an experienced practitioner. Results indicate that all instances can be solved when compared to other meta-heuristics that fail to achieve an optimum solution. Compared to the solution proposed by the practitioner, the results of the proposed model achieve a 46% improvement in objective function value. Planners should optimise decisions related to the location of the crane, the crane’s hook movement to meet service requests, and supply points’ locations and assignment to material-demanding regions simultaneously for effective crane operations.     

水文桥测车防倾支杆缺陷及应对策略

为防止桥测车在桥上测验时发生侧翻倾覆事故,对采用单点支撑防倾支杆的桥测车工作时的安全性进行分析,结果表明 EQC-2 型桥测车单点支撑防倾支杆存在一定的安全稳定缺陷。针对单点支撑防倾支杆存在的缺陷,优化设计一种三角形结构防倾支杆,即在单点支撑防倾支杆上加装 1 根斜支杆,使斜支杆的一端与单点支撑防倾支杆的底部相连,另一端与吊臂相连,使斜支杆、单点支撑防倾支杆与吊臂之间形成一个三角形结构,并与采用单点支撑防倾支杆的桥测车在工作时最大挂载量、侧滑和侧翻等方面进行对比分析。结果表明：采用三角形结构防倾支杆的桥测车各项指标均明显优于采用单点支撑防倾支杆的桥测车,对桥测车在今后有关设计方面的改进具有一定的参考意义。     

Event-triggered type-2 fuzzy-based sliding mode control for steer-by-wire systems

This paper proposes an event-triggered higher-order sliding mode control for steer-by-wire (SbW) systems subject to limited communication resources and uncertain nonlinearity. First, an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2 FLS) is adopted to approximate the uncertain nonlinearities. A fuzzy-based state observer is developed to estimate unavailable states of the extended SbW system. Then, to save communication resources and eliminate chattering, an event-triggered higher-order sliding mode control is proposed for the SbW system. The key advantage is that the proposed control scheme can offset the observation error and the event-triggering error. After that, the practical finite-time stability of the closed-loop SbW system is proved in the framework of the Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulations and vehicle experiments are given to evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.     

孪生网络框架下融合显著性和干扰在线学习的航拍目标跟踪算法

针对一般跟踪算法不能很好地解决航拍视频下目标分辨率低、视场大、视角变化多等特殊难点,该文提出一种融合目标显著性和在线学习干扰因子的无人机(UAV)跟踪算法.通用模型预训练的深层特征无法有效地识别航拍目标,该文跟踪算法能根据反向传播梯度识别每个卷积滤波器的重要性来更好地选择目标显著性特征,以此凸显航拍目标特性.另外充分利用连续视频丰富的上下文信息,通过引导目标外观模型与当前帧尽可能相似地来在线学习动态目标的干扰因子,从而实现可靠的自适应匹配跟踪.实验证明:该算法在跟踪难点更多的UAV123数据集上跟踪成功率和准确率分别比孪生网络基准算法高5.3%和3.6%,同时速度达到平均28.7帧/s,基本满足航拍目标跟踪准确性和实时性需求.     

基于区块链的危险驾驶地图数据评估模型

在车联网中车辆与周边道路环境进行无线通信与数据交互,使车辆传感器、行人、道路单元之间实现信息互联,但大量的数据通信导致车辆运行环境复杂,车辆在行驶过程中不可避免地会遇到各种危险场景,从而引发车辆安全问题。为确保车辆数据可信及行车安全,建立基于区块链技术的危险驾驶地图数据评估模型。通过传感器实时记录环境数据,将车辆位置、速度等关键数据以及个人隐私信息加密上链实现交易传输,利用智能合约技术进行自动化脚本处理,随后执行共识将交易信息扩散到全部节点,节点承认交易合法后写入区块链。同时对车辆地图交互数据进行危险评估,并将评级结果及其对应操作反馈给车辆,使得车辆可在障碍物、网络攻击等场景下完成应急处理。实验结果表明,该模型能够根据不同危险场景对车辆进行危险评估与规避,确保车辆安全运行。     

Analysis of vehicle-bicycle interactions at unsignalized crossings: A probabilistic approach and application

In the last decades, bicycle usage has been increasing in many countries due to the potential environmental and health benefits. Therefore, there is a need to better understand cyclists’ interactions with vehicles, and to build models and tools for evaluating multimodal transportation infrastructure with respect to cycling safety, accessibility, and other planning aspects. This paper presents a modeling framework to describe driver-cyclist interactions when they are approaching a conflicting zone. In particular, the car driver yielding behavior is modeled as a function of a number of explanatory variables. A two-level hierarchical, probabilistic framework (based on discrete choice theory) is proposed to capture the driver’s yielding decision process when interacting with a cyclist. The first level models the probability of the car driver perceiving a situation with a bicycle as a potential conflict whereas the second models the probability of yielding given that a conflict has been perceived by the driver. The framework also incorporates the randomness of the location of the drivers’ decision point. The methodology is applied in a case study using observations at a typical Swedish roundabout. The results show that the conflict probability is affected differently depending on the user (cyclist or driver) who arrives at the interaction zone first. The yielding probability depends on the speed of the vehicle and the proximity of the cyclist.     

Stochastic simulation of velocity pulses of near-fault ground motions based on multivariate copula modeling

Due to the featured high-amplitude, long-period pulses in velocity or displacement time–history, the near-fault ground motion may have a stronger destructive effect on engineering structures. Therefore, studying velocity pulses modeling of near-fault ground motions has been an important topic in the earthquake engineering community. However, the variability and probabilistic correlation of pulse model parameters have not received enough attention. To this end, an elegant method for stochastic simulation of velocity pulses of near-fault ground motions is proposed based on the classical Gabor wavelet modeling and probabilistic correlation analysis of associated model parameters by multivariate copula modeling. Especially, an efficient scheme of iteratively determining the optimal copulas pertinent to edges of a complex vine structure is developed, and two parameters relevant to the near-fault ground motion records, i.e., the rupture distance and the strongest pulse orientation, are introduced which provides a physical basis for addressing the dependence structure among variables. For illustrative purposes, the ground accelerograms recorded by near-fault instruments in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake are used. It is shown that the multivariate copula modeling enables the efficient representation of probabilistic correlation between model parameters which is consistent with their physical mechanism. The time histories and spectral characteristics of velocity pulses of near-fault ground motions and their stochastic fluctuations with respect to the rupture distance are well simulated. While the empirical linear regression model does not meet the requirements of random vibration analysis and thus cannot guide the safety design of seismic structures.