磁力搅拌/阳离子交换树脂法提取胞外聚合物

采用磁力搅拌-阳离子交换树脂法提取了活性污泥中的胞外聚合物（EPS）。以糖类、蛋白质、核酸含量为EPS提取效果的评价指标，确定了最佳提取条件：搅拌时间为4h，搅拌转速为1000r／min，在污泥浓度MISS为12．6g／L时树脂用量为15g。与传统高速离心法的对比研究表明，该方法具有较高的EPS提取效率，测定结果的相对标准偏差〈3％。     

Re-use of water treatment works sludge to enhance particulate pollutant removal from sewage

This paper attempted to study the feasibility of reusing water treatment works sludge ("alum sludge") to improve particulate pollutant removal from sewage. The main issues focused upon were: (1) the appropriate dosage of the alum sludge, (2) the appropriate operating conditions, and (3) the possible mechanisms for enhancement by adding alum sludge. Actual alum sludge and sewage were applied to a series of jar tests conducted under various conditions. It has been found that both the SS and COD removal efficiencies could be improved by the addition of the alum sludge, which was mainly attributed to the removal of relatively fine particles with a size of 48-200 microm. The appropriate dosage of the alum sludge was determined to be 18-20 mg of Al/L. Increasing the mixing speed or reducing the floc size of the alum sludge enhanced the SS and COD removal and the dispersed alum sludge could remove particulate contaminants with smaller size than the raw sewage. ToF-SIMS evidence revealed that the aluminum species at the surface of the alum sludge were effectively utilized for improving the SS and COD removal. It was postulated that the sweep flocculation and/or the physical adsorption might play key roles in the enhancement of particulate pollutant removal from sewage.     

超声波技术在污泥处理中的应用

伴随着城市化进程加快与工业迅速发展，产量日益增加的污泥已对城市生态环境造成极其严重的威胁。为了有效地消除这种环境卫生公害，并且促进其资源化，提出了采用超声波技术进行污泥处理之建议，在总结国内外相关研究现状的基础上归纳出该技术的三大主要优势：杀菌、除臭、提高污泥稳定性；污泥减量效果显著；促进污泥中氮、磷量的增加，有利于污泥资源化；改善污泥絮凝脱水性能。最后指出了目前国内该技术所急需解决的问题，以明确今后的研究方向与重点。     

Assessing wastewater metal toxicity with bacterial bioluminescence in a bench-scale wastewater treatment system

The effectiveness of a previously developed toxicity monitoring method for activated sludge wastewater treatment employing a bioluminescent bacterium (Shk1) was evaluated in batch experiments and a bench-scale activated sludge system exposed to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd). Influent wastewater (primary clarifier supernatant) and activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant were used in both batch experiments and in the bench-scale wastewater treatment system. Shk1 bioluminescence was most sensitive to Cd and Zn, followed by Cu, and then Ni in order of decreasing sensitivity. In contrast, activated sludge specific oxygen uptake rate was most sensitive to Cu, followed by Cd and Zn, and finally Ni. The same pattern of sensitivity was observed in batch and bench-scale evaluations. Batch experiments examining the effect of metal adsorption were performed. The adsorption of metals to activated sludge and reduction in bioavailability due to chelation by soluble organics or by precipitation in wastewater was found to be an important effect in mediating differences in toxicity response between bioluminescence and respirometry. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that the activated sludge adsorption capacity was highest for Cu, followed by Cd, Ni, and then Zn. A simple mathematical model for the soluble metal concentration in the aeration basin and clarifier was developed utilizing metal distribution coefficients determined from the batch adsorption experiments. Model predictions compared well with results from the bench-scale activated sludge experiments.     

自热式高温好氧消化的污泥稳定化中试

用自行设计的自热式高温好氧消化(ATAD)工艺中试系统处理城市污水污泥,采用半连续式运行方式,对不同固体停留时间(SRT)下的污泥稳定化效果及消化后污泥的脱水性能、pH值变化和动力学衰减系数(Kd)进行了研究。结果表明,当SRT为10d时,污泥稳定化效果最好,反应器内温度可维持在54~58℃,对挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)的去除率平均达到44.3%,对病原菌的灭活率可达到100%,脱氢酶活性(DHA)下降88.48%,出泥可达到美国A级污泥标准;经消化后污泥的脱水性能明显下降而pH值升高,这是由于在消化过程中有机氮转为氨氮导致污泥上清液中氨氮浓度过高所致;SRT为10d的Kd为0.329d-1,不可降解的VSS浓度为15.09g/L。     

聚季胺盐投加方式对厌氧污泥颗粒化的影响研究

投加阳离子聚合物是加速厌氧污泥颗粒化的有效方法,根据静态试验得出的聚季胺盐投加总量,选定了聚季胺盐的几种投加方式（不同的投加量和投加时间间隔）,研究其对实验室规模下的厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）中污泥颗粒化的影响.试验以污水厂的厌氧污泥为对象,以污泥颗粒的粒径、沉速及出水COD等作为评价污泥颗粒化进程的指标,分析了各投加方式对污泥颗粒化进程的影响,并挑选出适宜的絮凝剂投加方式.结果表明,不同投加方式对ASBR污泥颗粒化进程有不同影响,建议采用每次投加量为0.16～0.32 mg/gMLSS,投加时间间隔为2～5 d,分5～10次投加的方式.     

新型双污泥脱氮除磷工艺处理生活污水

将活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合，开发出一种新型脱氮除磷处理工艺，成功地解决了传统工艺中硝化细菌与除磷菌之间的泥龄矛盾问题。试验结果表明，该工艺对COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率分别高达85％、95％、90％，同时处理效果稳定，对水质的适应能力也较强。     

Biological sulphate removal in an upflow packed bed reactor

Mine waters and industrial effluents with high sulphate concentrations create a disposal problem in terms of excess mineralization of surface waters. Removal of sulphate can be achieved by various processes including biological techniques, all of which involve appreciable costs. The purpose of this investigation was to improve on known biological methods for the removal of sulphate. Good sulphate removal was obtained by providing anaerobic conditions on a solid medium and maintaining a low hydrogen sulphide concentration by recirculating the water through a photosynthetic reactor for sulphur production.     

Growth and control of filamentous microbes in activated sludge: an integrated hypothesis

Since its initial development and application, the activated sludge process has undergone a continual evolution aimed at maximizing process efficiency and controlling population selection. Organic loading rate, dissolved oxygen concentration and reactor configuration have been implicated as key process variables affecting sludge settleability, their combined effects determining which microbe or microbes are best able to grow and survive in a given system. Using available pure and mixed culture observations, a conceptual hypothesis centered around three model organisms has been developed to explain the growth and control of filamentous organisms in activated sludge. Organism selection in continuously fed systems has been hypothesized to be dominated by filamentous organisms with high sustainable growth rates at low reactor substrate concentrations/organic loading rates and filaments best able to compete for dissolved oxygen at elevated reactor substrate concentrations/organic loading rates. Intermittently fed systems, on the other hand, enrich for nonfilamentous organisms which both rapidly extract substrate from solution and maintain peak activity during extended periods of endogeneous metabolism. While both types of reactor induced feeding patterns can control filamentous organism growth, intermittently fed systems are capable of operation over a wider range of operating conditions by accentuating differences in organism physiology. Additional selection pressures such as substrate composition, non-ideal reactor hydraulics and time-variable influent waste streams were also discussed in relation to their impact on idealized systems.     

Kinetics of heavy metal bioleaching from sewage sludge—II. Mathematical model

A conceptual model of the overall process of metal bioleaching from sewage sludge has been developed on the basis of experimental observations. Sludge pH was identified as the parameter which controls bacterial growth and thus the overall process. Quantitative relationships among the various process parameters were incorporated in the conceptual model, giving a mathematical model for the process. Bacterial growth, sulfate concentration and pH profiles simulated using the model were found to match experimental observations. The degree of solubilization of each metal was found to depend on the sludge pH and the type of the sludge and is given as a set of solubilization curves.