国外柴油车减少排放污染的发展趋势

叙述了美国和欧共体柴油车排放法规和最新发展及世界主要固定柴油质量和规格的最新发展趋势，报道了柴油组成和性质对排放物影响的主要研究结果；分析了减少柴油车排放污染的主要措施，例如改进发动机、改进炼油工艺、采用尾气处理、采用颗粒物过滤－捕集器及采用减少尾气排污的三类柴油添加剂，最后提出了几点建议。     

Optimal control of the production–inventory system with deteriorating items and tradable emission permits

Using the well-known Arrow and Karlin (1958) Arrow, K.J., and Karlin, S. (1958), ‘Production over Time with Increasing Marginal Costs’, in Studies in the Mathematical Theory of Inventory and Production, eds. K.J. Arrow and S. Karlin, Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 61–69. [Google Scholar] dynamic production–inventory model and the model with tradable emission permits which was presented by Dobos (2005 Dobos, I. (2005), ‘The Effects of Emission Trading on Production and Inventories in the Arrow–Karlin Model’, International Journal of Production Economics, 93–94, 301–308.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2007) Dobos I. (2007), ‘Tradable Emission Permits and Production-inventory Strategies of the Firm’, International Journal of Production Economics, 108, 329–333.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], we develop a model of the production–inventory system with deteriorating items and tradable emission permits. The objective of this paper is to apply the optimal control theory to solve the production–inventory problem with deteriorating items and tradable emission permits, and derive the optimal inventory level and the optimal production rate that minimise the total cost. The results are discussed with a numerical example and a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to the parameters of the production–inventory system is carried out.     

Exhaust Emissions from an Engine Fueled with Biodiesel from High-Oleic Soybeans

Biodiesel is a fuel comprising mono-alkyl esters of medium to long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. Typically, engines operated on soybean-based biodiesel exhibit higher emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) compared with petroleum diesel. The increase in NOx emissions might be an inherent characteristic of soybean oil’s polyunsaturation, because the level of saturation is known to affect the biodiesel’s cetane number, which can affect NOx. A feedstock that is mostly monounsaturated (i.e. oleate) helps to balance the tradeoff between cold flow and oxidative stability. Genetic modification has produced a soybean event, designated 335-13, with a fatty acid profile high in oleic acid (>85%) and with reduced palmitic acid (<4%). This high-oleic soybean oil was converted to biodiesel and run in a John Deere 4045T 4.5-L four-stroke, four-cylinder, turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine. The exhaust emissions were compared with those from conventional soybean oil biodiesel and commercial No. 2 diesel fuel. There was a significant reduction in NOx emissions (α = 0.05) using the high-oleic soybean biodiesel compared with regular soybean oil biodiesel. No significant differences were found between the regular and high-oleic biodiesel for unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emissions.     

Circulating fluidized bed combustion of a high-sulphur eastern canadian coal

Combustion tests were carried out with Minto coal in combination with three different limestones in the University of British Columbia (UBC) pilot scale (152 mm square x 7.3 m tall) circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) unit. Operating conditions were chosen to be typical of those employed in large-scale CFBC power boilers. Recycling of fine particles captured by the secondary cyclone was found to be of considerable importance in increasing sulphur capture, enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing the amount of calcium sulphide in the solids residues. NO_x emissions increased as the Ca:S ratio increased. Local gas concentrations inside the reactor were strongly influenced by the core-annulus solids distribution patterns which characterize circulating fluidized beds.     

Advancements in the design and validation of an air pollution integrated assessment model for Spain

This paper describes the design and application of the Atmospheric Evaluation and Research Integrated model for Spain (AERIS). Currently, AERIS can provide concentration profiles of NO₂, O₃, SO₂, NH₃, PM, as a response to emission variations of relevant sectors in Spain. Results are calculated using transfer matrices based on an air quality modelling system (AQMS) composed by the WRF (meteorology), SMOKE (emissions) and CMAQ (atmospheric-chemical processes) models. The AERIS outputs were statistically tested against the conventional AQMS and observations, revealing a good agreement in both cases. At the moment, integrated assessment in AERIS focuses only on the link between emissions and concentrations. The quantification of deposition, impacts (health, ecosystems) and costs will be introduced in the future. In conclusion, the main asset of AERIS is its accuracy in predicting air quality outcomes for different scenarios through a simple yet robust modelling framework, avoiding complex programming and long computing times.     

MES捕获CO2及高效催化转化研究进展

微生物电合成(Microbial electrosynthesis，MES)为二氧化碳还原为乙酸盐和其他多碳物提供了一条可持续的生化转化途径，利用电能驱动微生物固定CO2具有原料容易、操作条件温和、不含有毒物质、环境可持续性等特点，为全球碳中和、碳减排带来了新机遇。在研究人员对提高产率、转化效率、碳链延长方面的深入研究下，基于对电极材料的选择、修饰，菌群的驯化，操作条件的限制，乙酸最高产率达1330g/(m2?d)，催化转化C1废气并耦合二次发酵生产了C2-C4产物以及具有更长碳链的中链脂肪酸。在概述阴极电活性微生物吸收胞外电子的分子机制捕获和转化CO2的基础上，综述了合成有机酸的代谢原理、二维和三维等电极材料使用现状以及提高产物产率、产物及碳链延长的方法，并对未来MES的研究方向做出了展望。     

Drying-induced stresses in elastic and viscoelastic saturated materials

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of stresses generated during convective drying of kaolin, based on elastic and viscoelastic models. The equations of these models were solved analytically for a cylindrically shaped sample; the distribution and evolution of the radial and circumferential stresses are illustrated in diagrams. The acoustic emission method was used in experimental tests for identification on line of the time period during which the stresses reach their maximal values. A better correlation has been found between the experimental tests and the theoretical predictions obtained on the basis of the viscoelastic model.     

一种瓦斯涌出量系统预测辨识模型的研究

针对煤与瓦斯突出灾害中瓦斯涌出量的辨识预测问题,结合采煤工作面瓦斯涌出量系统的现场实际特点,提出了混沌免疫遗传优化算法(CIGOA)与Elman神经网络相结合的耦合算法(CIGOA-ENN)。利用GIGOA的全局寻优能力替代梯度下降法,以克服Elman神经网络固有的缺陷。并根据输入的数据,构造基于CIGOA和ENN耦合算法的瓦斯涌出量系统辨识预测模型。利用矿区采集的现场监测数据进行仿真预测,实验表明该预测模型与BPNN,GA-ENN等神经网络预测模型相比,其收敛速度更快、收敛精度更高、鲁棒性更强,为解决煤矿瓦斯涌出量的预测问题提供了一个行之有效的方法。     

非接触CPU卡在环保排污上的应用

为确保环保排污重要数据交互、存储的安全性以及后台系统与前端总量计量设备数据传输的安全性,本文结合现有的排污许可证制度,提出了将国密SM1加密算法非接触CPU卡作为信息载体在环保排污上的应用模式,并对目前在浙江省环保领域应用的具体案例进行了剖析.     

连续退火炉板温控制策略讨论

结合退火炉内带钢辐射率的变化,通过对几种板温控制方案的研究比较,分析各种控制方案的优缺点,对以后更好实现板温的精确控制起一定指导作用.