Scientific basis for establishing country greenhouse gas estimates for rice-based agriculture: An Indian case study

A comprehensive scientific assessment of CH₄ budget estimation for Indian rice paddies, based on a decade of measurements in India, is presented. Indian paddy cultivation areas contain soils that have low to medium levels of soil organic carbon. The average seasonally integrated CH₄ flux (E _sif) values calculated from these measurements were 15.3 ± 2.6 g m^–2 for continuously flooded (CF), 6.9 ± 4.3 g m^–2 for intermittently flooded (IF) single aeration (SA) and 2.2 ± 1.5 g m^–2 for IF multiple aeration (MA) rice ecosystems. For CF and IF (MA) rice ecosystems having high soil organic carbon, without organic amendments, the CH₄ flux (E _sif) may be increased by 1.7 times relative to low soil organic carbon, whereas it may enhance by 5.3 for CF if amended organically. Organic amendment and high soil organic carbon paddy areas do not alter the methane budget estimates for India (3.6±1.4 TgY^–1) much, due to their small paddy harvested area. Methane estimated using average emission factors (E _sif) for all paddy water regimes, which include harvested areas having soils with high organic carbon and organic amendments, may give a budget of 5 TgY^–1 for India.     

Adsorption properties of oxygen and methane on Ga-ZSM-5; the origin of the selectivity of NOx reduction using methane

The adsorption properties of oxygen and methane on Ga-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were examined by a TPD method to clarify the extraordinary selectivity of HC-SCR using methane on Ga-ZSM-5. It was observed that Ga-ZSM-5 did not adsorb oxygen but adsorbed methane dissociatively, while on Cu-ZSM-5 oxygen was dissociatively adsorbed and reacted with adsorbed ethylene.     

含氮氧化物(NOx)废气的处理方法

介绍了氮氧化物废气的产生原理、处理方法,并结合某厂硝化废气处理装置改造过程的实例,对加压水吸收处理氮氧化物废气的方法做了详细介绍,同时将该法与其他处理方法进行了比较.     

基于超高温光谱的C/C材料烧蚀产物研究

用“星形”等离子发生器及国产的等离子体火炬进行了炭基复合材料烧蚀实验，采用实验中光谱检测对烧蚀产物进行了分析。经分析发现：在“星形”等离子发生器产生的3500K以下烧蚀环境的光谱中，产物以CO为主，而在国产的等离子体火炬产生的5500K以上烧蚀环境的光谱中，产物以CN、C2、C1和CO为主。光谱检测结果与热化学烧蚀计算的产物吻合得很好，验证了热化学计算的正确性。     

烧成系统NOx的形成及排放控制技术介绍

煤燃烧过程中污染物的形成、迁徙、排放和抑制规律、NOx污染控制技术等是煤燃烧领域重点研究的内容。文章分析了水泥工业回转窑中煤粉燃烧过程中NOx的形成机理，并针对NOx的形成机理和影响因素，探讨了水泥工业相关的低NOx燃烧技术。目前，较为实际的方法是采取空气分级燃烧技术和设计出科学的燃烧器二种。     

In-situ studies of electron field emission of single carbon nanotubes inside the TEM

Electron field emission characteristics of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated in situ inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM). For a single MWCNT it was found that while field-emission can hardly occur from the side of the nanotube, a curved nanotube may result in finite side emission and the best emission geometry is the top emission geometry. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements made at different vacuum conditions and voltage sweeps emphasize the importance of the adsorbates on the electron field emission of MWCNTs. For a contaminated MWCNT, although the field emission current was reduced, the stability of its emission was improved. A current of up to several tens of μA was observed for a single MWCNT, but it was found that long time emission usually results in drastic structure damage that may lead to sudden emission failure.     

三轴应力下盐岩声发射特征研究（研究生论坛稿件）

利用MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验系统和PCI–2声发射(AE)三维定位实时监测系统,开展不同围压下盐岩的三轴压缩声发射定位试验,探讨盐岩轴向加载过程中声发射特征的围压效应。研究结果表明：盐岩AE定位点多少与振铃计数率大小、能率高低具有良好的一致性。声发射高计数、高能率、定位点集聚段等随围压增加而滞后。低围压下,盐岩发生剪切破坏,高计数、高能率、AE定位点集聚段主要出现在屈服阶段和峰值应力前阶段;高围压下,盐岩呈塑性大变形特征,高计数、高能率、AE定位点集聚段主要在峰值阶段及峰后阶段出现。围压增加,累计计数和定位点的总量呈减少趋势;最大能率和累计能量随围压增加而减小,5MPa约分别为30MPa的43倍和22倍。     

UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性研究(Ⅱ)

本文续“UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性研究(Ⅰ)”,进一步研究了UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性,具体研究了[0°]、[90°]在拉伸破坏过程中声发射参数特征,并对拉伸破坏机理进行了初步的研究。     

新型碳质催化剂用于NH3选择性催化还原NOx的研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料制备了一种新型碳质催化剂。通过试验考察了催化剂在NH₃选择催化还原NO中的应用效果。结果表明,催化性能较好，最佳的制备和催化反应条件为：锌铁物质的量比1∶0.5，热解温度750 ℃，反应温度400 ℃，O₂浓度15%。在此条件下，NOx的最大转化率达98.3%。通过考察证明催化剂自身具有一定的还原性能。对催化剂进行了FTIR、TG、SEM和BET分析，结果表明，催化剂具有很丰富的孔结构、活性粒子和表面官能团，比表面积较大，最大可达307 m²·g^-1，分析结果显示具有良好的催化条件。     

Whispering gallery modes in photoluminescence and Raman spectra of a spherical microcavity with CdTe quantum dots: anti-Stokes emission and interference effects

We have studied the photoluminescence and Raman spectra of a system consisting of a polystyrene latex microsphere coated by CdTe colloidal quantum dots. The cavity-induced enhancement of the Raman scattering allows the observation of Raman spectra from only a monolayer of CdTe quantum dots. Periodic structure with very narrow peaks in the photoluminescence spectra of a single microsphere was detected both in the Stokes and anti-Stokes spectral regions, arising from the coupling between the emission of quantum dots and spherical cavity modes.