不同温度下Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金的相容性研究

用粉末冶金工艺制备了Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金扩散偶,研究了不同等温热处理温度和时间条件下扩散偶的相容性.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析了扩散偶界面处的微观形貌和元素分布,讨论了扩散层形成机理.结果表明,环境温度及材料状态显著影响扩散偶之间的相容性.650℃时,液态Al-Si合金对Zr-2合金的浸润和扩散形成了较明显的以Zr3Al化合物为主的扩散层;560℃时,扩散元素之间仅产生固态扩散,形成的扩散层很薄;350℃时,扩散系数更小,几乎未发生扩散和形成扩散层,Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金之间具有良好的相容性.     

Neutron irradiation effects on optical absorption of KU1 and KS-4V quartz glasses and Infrasil 301

In this work we have compared the effects of neutron (10²¹–10²² n/m² fluences) and gamma irradiation (23.8 MGy dose) on the IR–vis–UV optical absorption spectra of high purity silica with different OH content: KU1 (800 ppm), KS-4V (<0.2 ppm), and commercial silica Infrasil 301 (<8 ppm). The results show that the UV–vis optical degradation of the silica, after neutron irradiation at the highest fluence is similar for the three grades studied, while gamma-induced optical absorption depends on the material grade (KS-4V shows the lowest optical absorption). The effects of both types of radiation on the IR band related with the hydroxyl group (3650 cm⁻¹) depend on the silica grade. For KU1, the shape of this band changes with neutron fluence. For Infrasil 301 gamma and neutron irradiated, this band height increases, possibly due to free molecular or hydrogen atoms. The shift to lower energies observed for the 2260 cm⁻¹ band in the three neutron irradiated silica grades, reflects the changes induced by neutrons in the lattice bonding angle distribution.     

中子反射谱仪前端导管优化

基于两种中子反射谱仪设计(A:前端为8.0 m垂直聚焦导管,入口200mm,出口40 mm;B:前端为1.6+3.4m水平偏转垂直聚焦导管,入口100mm,出口50mm),对其前端偏转/聚焦导管进行了中子束模拟,结果表明:1)在特征波长为0.4 nm的冷中子导管末端,没有必要再次偏转束流以减低本底;2)与建议方案相比,概念设计中的注量下降了52.8%,而水平方向发散度增大了24.1%,垂直方向发散度减小60.7%;3)聚焦导管长度应不低于6.0 m,导管聚焦超镜m值在2.0-2.5最佳,两侧超镜m值对束流几乎无影响,使用中子束高度应不低于150mm可达到较好的注量率和发散度.     

中子时空动力学直接模拟方法研究与程序研制

直接模拟方法(DSM)是一种新的用于求解三维瞬态中子输运问题的方法.该方法通过直接模拟瞬态过程中系统内中子和缓发中子先驱核的动态行为来求解核反应堆动力学问题.由于该方法取消了现有方法的各种近似,具有普适通用性.本文在详细研究该方法的基础上,开发了相应的瞬态分析程序TMCC,并进行了算例的验证.     

微型反应堆卸料装置设计及可靠性分析

微型反应堆（简称“微堆”）低浓化及退役都包含乏燃料卸出的操作,而保证乏燃料安全卸出的关键设备之一就是卸料装置。现有的卸料装置在操作过程中会破坏微堆堆筒体密封性,并且无法恢复,但微堆低浓化后还需利用原有堆筒体进行装料运行,所以本文在此需求的基础上设计了一套新型的卸料装置,可在不分离筒节、不破坏筒体完整性及密封性的前提下完成卸料操作。新设计的卸料装置包含卸料操作工具和辅助机械装置两部分。卸料操作工具通过小盖开口即可实现燃料组件的抓取,实施吊装。卸出的微堆乏燃料具有很高的放射性,卸料操作工具配合辅助机械装置,可实现远距离起升平移的操作,这种设计便于屏蔽,同时可有效降低工作人员所受辐射剂量。对该卸料装置进行计算和可靠性分析,结果表明其强度远大于实际使用载荷,安全可靠,能较好地满足微堆使用需求。新型微堆卸料装置具有经济性好、易制备、易操作的特点,下一步将在国内外微堆低浓化卸料或退役中推广应用。     

用测井曲线组合法复查老井

东濮凹陷文、濮、卫结合部有一批老井需要重新认识，复查挖潜。经实践研究发现用自然伽马、中子伽马、感应曲线组合法，即测井曲线重迭和读值交会两种方法配合使用，可以消除测井曲线质量中的各种不利因素，能够快速、直观地判断油（气）水层，为中高含水期复杂小断块油田开发、重新认识油水层，提供了一个新的途径。     

Simple evaluation of aortic arch calcification by chest radiography in hemodialysis patients

Vascular calcification is associated with a poor prognosis in dialysis patients. It can be assessed with computed tomography but simple inoffice techniques may provide useful information. We compared the results obtained with a simple noninvasive technique with those obtained using multidetector computed tomography for aortic arch calcification volume (AoACV) in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. The enrolled study subjects were 63 (32 men and 31 women) maintenance HD patients. Calcification of the aortic arch was semiquantitatively estimated with a AoAC score (AoACS) on plain chest radiology. The AoACV was increased, with a mean value of 6.6 ranging from 0% to 36.5%. The coefficient of intraobserver variation was less than 2.5%. Aortic arch calcification score was highly correlated with AoACV (r=0.635, P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed age (F value=12.62, P<0.001) and pulse pressure (F value=4.54, P=0.037) to be significant independent determinants of AoACS. In conclusion, a simple measurement of AoACS may be useful for inoffice imaging to choose a therapeutic regimen in HD patients.     

Coexistence of antiferro- and ferrimagnetism in the spinel ZnFe2O4 with an inversion degree δ lower than 0.3

Samples with inversion parameter values (δ) ranging from 0.27 to 0.14 while maintaining the crystallite size value have been successfully fabricated from commercially available powders by mechanical grinding and thermal annealing treatments at temperatures ranging between 400 and 600 °C. Detailed characterization studies of these samples using X-ray, neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements have confirmed for the first time the simultaneous coexistence at 2 K of short range antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic ordering for a wide range of the inversion parameter. The magnetic phase diagram obtained is different from the one previously reported, which shows at 2 K the coexistence of long range antiferromagnetic order and short range order for values of inversion parameters less than 0.1 and the presence of a ferrimagnetic order only for values of δ > 0.2. At room temperature, the Rietveld analysis of NPD patterns and the magnetization curves showed a paramagnetic behavior in the samples with δ ≤ 0.1. For the samples with higher cationic inversion, typical hysteresis curves of ferrimagnetic materials were observed and the saturation magnetization values obtained agree quite well with the net magnetic moment obtained from the Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction patterns.     

Coupled effects of flow field geometry and diffusion media material structure on evaporative water removal from polymer electrolyte fuel cells

In this work, the coupled effects of flow field geometry and diffusion media (DM) material structure on evaporative water removal during gas purge are investigated with the ex-situ test methods developed in previous works 31 and 32. Three different flow field structures with various land to channel width ratios (L/C) were utilized with paper and cloth-type DM to understand the impact of L/C and DM properties on evaporative water removal rate, water distribution in DM, purge efficiency, and irreducible saturation. In the capillary flow dominant regime, it was determined that evaporative water removal is not significantly affected by L/C or DM properties, and can be semi-empirically correlated with critical purge time. The cloth-type DM was found to be superior to paper-type to mitigate the in-plane impedance of the land on water removal. In addition to the ex-situ evaporative tests, neutron radiography was utilized to visualize the in-situ water removal behavior. Results validate a novel purge protocol suggested by the authors in a previous study to achieve a more efficient and durable gas purge that preserves membrane durability.     

Isolation of transport mechanisms in PEFCs using high resolution neutron imaging

Liquid water saturation profiles were determined using high resolution neutron radiography for commercially available fuel cell materials and hardware. Temperature, pressure, and relative humidity (concentration) gradients were imposed on the cell to determine individual influences on water content for each gradient. The asymmetric anode/cathode channel/land architecture used in this work results in significant water accumulation in the anode diffusion media with saturation values of up to ∼50%. Anode water content was found to change substantially with imposed pressure or concentration gradient, whereas the cathode saturation profile remained relatively consistent, indicating the channel/land ratio and thickness have a determinant role in diffusion media retention. The data generated in this work has been made publicly available through www.pemfcdata.org, and should be useful for computational modelers seeking validation data.