Anodic behavior and microstructure of Al/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning简

In order to study the anodic behavior and microstmctures of A1/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning, by means of potentiodynamic investigations, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analyses, the mechanism of the anodic processes playing on the surface of A1/Pb-0.8%Ag and A1/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anodes prepared by electro-deposition from methyl sulfonic acid bath for zinc electrowinning from model sulphate electrolytes have been measured. On the basis of the cyclic voltammograms obtained, information about the corrosion rate of the composite in PbO2 region has been concluded. The microstructures were also observed by means of SEM and XRD which showed Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co alloy composite coating has uniform and chaotic orientation tetragonal symmetry crystallites of PbSO4, but Pb-0.8%Ag alloy composite coating has well-organized orientation crystallites of PbSO4 concentrated in the certain zones after 24 h of anodic polarization. It is important that Al/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anode oxide film consists of non-conductive dense MnO2 and PbSO4 and a, fl-PbO2 penetrated into which, in fact, are the active centers of the oxygen evolution after 24 h of anodic polarization.     

Tuning fermi level and band gap in Li4Ti5O12 by doping and vacancy for ultrafast Li+ insertion/extraction

Li₄T_i5O₁₂ (LTO) attracts great interest due to the “zero strain” during cycles but the poor electronic and ionic conductivity critically impede the practical application. Herein, we report a synergy strategy of tuning localized electrons to shift Fermi level and band gap by Mg/Zr co-doping and oxygen vacancy incorporation, which significantly improves Li⁺ and electronic transport. More importantly, the intrinsic synergistic mechanism has been revealed by neutron diffraction, X-ray absorption spectra, and first-principles calculations. The “elastic effect” of lattice induced by Mg/Zr co-doping allows LTO to accommodate more oxygen vacancies to a certain degree without a severe lattice distortion, which largely improves the electronic conductivity. Mg/Zr co-doping and oxygen vacancy incorporation effectively enhanced the dynamic characteristics of LTO electrode, achieving the excellent rate performance (90 mAh/g at 20C) and cycle stability (96.9% after 500 cycles at 10C). First-principles calculations confirm Fermi level shifts to the conduction band, and the band gap becomes narrowed due to the synergistic modulation, and the intrinsic mechanism of the enhanced electronic and Li-ion conductivity is clarified. This study offers some insights into achieving the fast Li⁺ insertion/extraction by tuning the crystal and electronic structure with lattice doping and oxygen vacancy engineering.     

复合溶胶–凝胶一锅法制备锂离子电池氧化亚硅/碳复合负极材料

采用复合溶胶–凝胶法结合后续热处理,制备了具有包埋结构的氧化亚硅/碳(SiO_x/C)复合负极材料。扫描电子显微镜分析结果表明:氧化亚硅纳米颗粒嵌入在无定形碳中。电化学性能测试表明:SiO_x/C复合材料具有较高的比容量、优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。材料在0.1 A/g的电流密度下100次循环后的可逆比容量为710 m A·h/g,容量几乎无衰减;在1.6 A/g的电流密度下,可逆比容量为380 m A·h/g。优异的电化学性能是由于材料的包埋结构能有效地缓冲SiO_x充放电过程中的体积膨胀,保证材料的结构完整性和电化学循环稳定性。     

预焙阳极铝电解槽阳极降耗技术开发及应用

本文对预焙阳极铝电解槽阳极炭耗问题进行了论述，并介绍了阳极降耗技术的开发应用。     

Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of cyclic redox behaviour of SOFC anodes

The oxidation of Ni to NiO in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode will result in large bulk volume change, which may change the interfaces of the two phases in the anode cermet and thus may cause significant performance degradation. The reduction and oxidation (redox) of the Ni/YSZ cermet were studied at 800 ℃. Anodic polarization measurements were performed before and after redox cycles. The anode current density at an overpotential of 100 mV kept decreasing during the whole redox treatment. It decreased from 19.11 to 7.95 mA·cm-2 after two redox cycles. Anode supported unit cell was assembled for cell's discharge measurements. Cell performance declined after each redox cycle. The maximum power density decreased from 126.28 to 40.32 mW·cm-2 . The microstructural changes after redox cycling were recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that after re-oxidation, the Ni gets coarse and has a higher porosity; the nickel network structure turns to be desultory.     

氨络合物体系中Ti基IrO2涂层阳极的析氮过程

采用线性扫描技术研究了氯盐氨络合物体系中Ti基IrO2涂层阳极的析氮过程,对3种含有不同氧化物涂层电极的析氮电催化性能进行了比较,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDX)探讨了不同析氮电催化活性的原因.研究结果表明:当电极电位低于1.1 V(vs SCE)时,Ti基IrO2涂层阳极析气反应主要为析氮反应,氮气的产生主要是由于氨水在电极上发生电化学氧化引起的;Ti基含PdRuTi的IrO2涂层阳极具有最佳的析氮电催化活性,其可能原因是金属元素PdRuTi的存在导致该电极表面特征裂纹最宽且最深,氧化物涂层总析氮面积增多,电催化活性增加.     

Preparation and properties of Ce0.8Ca0.2O1.8 anode material by glycine-nitrate process

Ce0.8Ca0.2O1.8（CDC82） anode material was prepared by glycine-nitrate process（GNP）. Thermogravimetric（TG） analysis and differential scanning calorimetric（DSC） methods were adopted to characterize the reaction process of CDC82 material. X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, scanning electron microcopy（SEM）, direct current four probe （four-probe DC） and temperature process reduce（TPR） techniques were adopted to characterize the properties of CDC82 material. After the precursor was sintered at 750℃ for 4 h, CDC82 material with pure-fluorite structure and nanometer size was obtained. The total conductivity of CDC82 changes little with temperature in air at 50-850℃, and the maximum value is 0.04 S/cm at 750 ℃. The total conductivity wholly becomes larger when the atmosphere changes from air to hydrogen, which greatly increases with increasing temperature and reaches the maximum value of 1.09 S/cm at 850 ℃. Some impurities such as CeMg and La203 exist after the mixture of CDC82 anode and La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3-δ （LSGM） electrolyte material is sintered at 1 200 ℃ for 15 h. The CDC82 material as anode material has excellent catalytic property for hydrogen and methane.     

RuTiSnMn/Ti阳极的电化学性能

热分解制备了RuTiSnMn／Ti阳极，在4mA／cm^2的电流密度下进行了恒电流试验。通过循环伏安法和交流阻抗谱研究了阳极在35g／LNaCl溶液、20g／LNaOH溶液和模拟孔隙液中的电化学行为．利用EsEM对阳极失效前后的微观形貌进行了观察,结果表明：阳极具有优良的耐析氯、氧反应能力；钛基体逐渐形成TiO2的钝化膜使阳极的氧化物膜电阻增大，活性组元的消耗使法拉第电荷传递电阻增加，这两者最终导致阳极失效。     

锂离子电池硅基负极材料研究进展

本文主要介绍近年来硅及含硅材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展，包括硅单质、硅的氧化物以及硅的金属化合物和其它硅基多元化合物；分析了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料存在的问题；阐述了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究前景。     

Electrochemical properties of some cobalt antimonides as anode materi-als for lithium- ion batteries

Some cobalt antimonides have been prepared and studied as the candidate anode materials for lithium ion batter-ies. Reversible capacities of 424,423 and 546 mA·h·g-1 were measured at the first cycle for as-solidified CoSb2, CoSb3 and annealed CoSb3 respectively. A low lithium ions diffusion coefficient in the order of 10-16 m2·s-1 was estimated from the coulometric titration measurements in the annealed CoSb3 electrode. It was found that the electrochemical properties of fine powders are significantly better than coarse powders. However the SEM picture shows that the nano-sized CoSb3 powders gathered to larger granules, which worsens somewhat the capacity retention of the nano-sized materials, although the volume capacities of the annealed and ball milled CoSb3 remain near twice of that of graphite after 50 cycles.