Design strategy for low-energy ventilation and cooling within an urban heat island

Natural ventilation is a proven strategy for maintaining thermal comfort in non-domestic buildings in the UK. The energy consumption and thus the carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to global warming are lower than in conventional air-conditioned buildings. However, the ambient temperatures in the UK have risen over the last decade and new climatic data for use in the design of naturally ventilated buildings has been published. Using these data and dynamic thermal modelling, it is shown that passive stack ventilation alone was unlikely to maintain summertime comfort in a proposed University College London building within an urban heat island. The stack ventilation strategy was evolved by the introduction of passive downdraught cooling. This low-energy technique enables cooled air to be distributed throughout the building without mechanical assistance. The underlying principles of the technique were explored using physical models and the anticipated performance predicted using thermal modelling. The architectural integration is illustrated and the control strategy described. The resulting building is believed to be the first large-scale application of the passive downdraught cooling technique; construction began in late 2003.     

人民防空医疗救护工程空调通风设计

文章介绍了人防医疗工程的分类及任务、工程组成及相互关系,并结合工程实例阐述人防医疗工程的进排风系统设计及空调系统设计方案。     

通风空调系统变频控制设计要点浅谈

就变频控制这一通风空调系统自控设计的重要方面,分析暖通设计常见系统中的一些设计要点,包括控制策略、控制点的设置、必要的相互连锁设计关系等内容。     

示踪气体法利用人体作为CO2释放源测量宿舍换气次数的方法探究

测量自然通风情况下学生宿舍的通风量对研究高校学生宿舍的室内空气品质具有重要意义。示踪气体法利用人体作为CO2释放源具有安全、方便、低成本等优点及大规模推广的可能性,但目前国内研究利用人体作为CO2释放源测量新风量的文献较少。因而,本文以高校学生宿舍单侧自然通风为研究对象,探究利用人体作为CO2释放源测量宿舍换气次数方法的可行性与可靠性。其一,验证了宿舍内CO2分布的均匀性,结果表明可仅在宿舍中心点处布置单个测点,其测试结果可代表宿舍内CO2的整体变化情况。其二,通过实验对人体CO2释放量的计算公式进行修正,得到了中国年轻女性CO2释放量的修正因子为0.75。其三,以SF6作为示踪气体进行实验对比,验证了以人体作为CO2释放源测量宿舍换气次数方法的可靠性。而后,本文分析了此方法的适用性,并指出以中国年轻女性作为CO2释放源,房间换气次数为1.5次/h时,人均最大可测房间体积约为10 m3。     

太阳能烟囱在居住建筑中的运用

回顾太阳能烟囱出现以来人们对其研究的进展,重点对几种不同形式的太阳能烟囱的工作原理和应用实践进行分析比较。在此基础上提出太阳能烟囱研究存在亟待解决的问题。     

某医院燃气冷热电三联供系统设计问题分析

目前天然气冷热电三联供在国际上发展迅速,在我国主要城市已得到政策上的明确支持,整个行业已处于全面发展的大好阶段,推动天然气分布式能源发展,具有重要的现实意义和战略意义。本文针对北京市某医院天然气冷热电三联供系统进行研究,分析设计过程中消防、防火、防爆及通风问题的解决方案。     

武汉地铁体育南路站通风空调设计

地铁作为居民快速出行的交通工具,既可以缓解地面交通压力,又可以节约能源,目前在全国各地正在得到高速发展。作为整个地铁工程的重要组成部分——通风空调系统,不仅能为人员提供必须的安全、卫生、舒适的环境条件,同时也能为列车及设备的运行提供必要的环境条件。文章以武汉地铁体育南路站为例,介绍了地铁车站通风空调系统的设置情况及运行模式。     

谈医院净化空调系统设计中的一些问题

随着我国医院建设的快速发展,医疗水平的逐步提高,各地区对预防感染的要求更高,净化空调在医院建筑中起着举足轻重的作用,其设计、施工及运行维护直接影响着现代化医院的医疗服务质量。本文结合工程实践,探讨净化空调系统设计中的一些问题。     

隧道横向通风排烟口设置对排烟效果的影响

通过FDS研究隧道横向通风系统中排烟口位置和数量对机械排烟效果的影响,对比烟气蔓延距离,分析和判断各工况的排烟效果.结果表明,打开单个排烟口时,随着排烟口距离火源距离的增加,排烟效果变差;打开多个排烟口时,排烟效果明显好于开启单个排烟口,多个排烟口的位置和数量对排烟效果影响不大.     

Project design abacus for wall base ventilation drying systems to control dampness

Dampness is an important degradation issue especially in old buildings and monumental heritage, particularly a rising one as the result of capillary movement of water in the lower sections of walls and other ground-supported structures by capillary action. There are several methods to treat this kind of dampness among which is the wall base hygro-regulated ventilation system an interesting solution for high thick walls with considerable heterogeneity.

A significant number of studies have been undertaken around this method which have been implemented and validated in several heritage buildings. Such achievement has led to the adoption of the HUMIVENT patent system which aims to increase evaporation through peripheral channels on the base of the ventilated walls. A pre-sizing design program was also created and was called HUMIVENT PREDIM.

This study aims to develop a set of auxiliary abacus for pre-sizing wall base ventilation systems. This approach aims to provide fast and expeditious systems sizing in the design and rehabilitation project offices. It allows an easy awareness in the several parameters that influence the wet front and the preliminary ventilation system design. It is a very useful tool for designers allowing them to obtain pre-sizing without extensive knowledge of the program and the associated parameters and with quick understanding of the drying process optimization. For better awareness of the abacus’ potentiality and use, an application example is provided thereof. It is concluded that the abacus can straightforwardly be used for sensitivity studies and for the selection of the best solution in each case.