Study on the instability of organic field-effect transistors based on fluorinated copper phthalocyanine

The effects of positive and negative gate-bias stress on organic field-effect transistors (OFET) based on tantalum (Ta)/tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅)/fluorinated copper phthalocyanine (F₁₆CuPc) structure are investigated as a function of stress time and stress temperature. It is shown that gate-bias stress induces a parallel threshold voltage shift (ΔV_T) of OFETs without changes of field-effect mobility μ_EF and sub-threshold slope (ΔS). The ΔV_T is observed to be logarithmically dependent on time at high gate-bias appropriate to OFET operation. More importantly, the shift is directional, namely, be large shift under positive stress and almost do not move under negative stress. The threshold voltage shift is temperature dependent with activation energy of 0.51 eV. We concluded that threshold voltage shift of the OFET with F₁₆CuPc as active layer is due to charge trapping in the insulator in which trapped carriers have redistribution.     

Treatment of High Nitrate-Containing Wastewaters by Sequential Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Denitrification

The treatment performance of sequential heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification process was evaluated using synthetic wastewaters containing high nitrate concentrations. The effluents from two sequentially connected reactors, for heterotrophic denitrification and sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification, were analyzed for more than 200 days. Experimental results indicated that higher than 95% of the nitrate removal could be achieved with volumetric nitrate loading rates of 2.16, 3.24, and 4.32 kg/m3?d. The maximum denitrification rates, with 1,000 mgN/l influent nitrate concentrations, for the heterotrophic and sulfur-packed autotrophic reactors, were found to be 2.47 and 3.61 kg/m3?d, respectively. A sequential heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification process is considered a good alternative for the sole autotrophic denitrification process, providing excellent nitrate removal, especially for nitrate-rich wastewaters with very low organic contents.     

Improved Anaerobic Process Efficiency Using Mesophilic and Thermophilic Elutriated Phased Treatment

An innovative anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (ADEPT) has been evaluated at mesophilic (M-ADEPT) (35°C) and thermophilic (T-ADEPT) (55°C) temperatures in which the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased until reactor failure (pH<5.5). Single-stage continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at both temperatures were also operated as controls (M-CSTR for 35°C and T-CSTR for 55°C). The T-CSTR failed at an OLR of 7.4 g volatile solid (VS)/L?day and the M-CSTR at an OLR of 10 g VS/L?day while the M-ADEPT continued until an OLR of 18 g VS/L?day and the T-ADEPT reached an OLR of 24 g VS/L?day before system failure. The T-CSTR produced the poorest effluent quality as manifested by high propionate concentrations (1,500–2,500 mg/L) while both M-ADEPT and T-ADEPT produced much better quality of effluent with propionate concentrations below 100 mg/L. Thus it appears that the T-ADEPT design may solve effluent quality problems associated with normally high propionate concentrations produced during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Superior effluent quality, reduced reactor volume requirements, more stable methanogenesis due to the extended solids retention time, and uncoupling of the methanogen wasting from the refractory sludge wasting process resulted in stable and efficient processing at both temperatures for the innovative ADEPT design. Because the higher amounts of volatile fatty acids produced in the acid elutriation phase of the ADEPT system can be a favorable carbon source for biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants, this positive aspect should be considered in future applications of the ADEPT system.     

有机化学分层次教学的研究与实践

针对有机化学教学现状和存在的问题,提出了在普通高校进行有机化学分层次教学的模式,简单介绍了有机化学分层次教学的实践和取得的初步成果。     

十红滩铀矿床有机地球化学特征及与铀成矿作用

十红滩铀矿床属层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床,赋存于中侏罗统西山窑组含煤碎屑岩中。容矿层岩石中富含有机质,有机碳、可溶有机物、酸解吸附烃在不同地球化学分带的岩石中含量大小不同,尤以氧化还原过渡带含量最高。矿石有机质母质类型为腐殖型,处于未成熟演化阶段,酸解吸附烃为煤成气型。统计计算表明:容矿层中铀和可溶有机物、酸解吸附烃含量之间具明显的相关关系。分析了有机质在砂岩型铀矿床形成过程中的作用,认为容矿层中有机质在含氧环境下分解的产物利于铀在水中的溶解和迁移,而在缺氧条件下分解的产物,构成铀沉淀的还原和吸附地球化学障,在铀的成矿过程中发挥重要的作用。     

车用聚丙烯改性材料气味分析及改善措施

针对改性的聚丙烯(PP)材料,探讨了基体PP树脂、吸附剂、后处理工艺以及加香对PP改性材料气味的影响.研究结果表明,选用氢调法PP树脂制得的PP改性材料气味性能优于降解法;吸附剂能一定程度继续提升PP气味;同时材料的后处理对PP改性材料的气味提升有积极作用;最后通过加香措施对PP改性材料味型进行适当的调整,最终改善后的...     

有机小分子接枝炭黑填充PP复合材料的结晶行为与力学性能研究

将炭黑与有机小分子在Haake转矩流变仪中进行混合,通过高剪切力的作用,实现了有机小分子在炭黑表面的接枝改性。通过对比接枝改性后的炭黑（GCB）与接枝改性前的炭黑（CB）对聚丙烯（PP）性能的影响,发现GCB能更有效地促使PP基体发生异相成核,提高基体的结晶温度,使聚丙烯的韧性和强度都有明显提高。TEM结果表明,炭黑表面经过接枝有机小分子后粒径变小,在聚丙烯中能更好地分散。DSC结果表明CB和GCB对PP基体的结晶行为都会产生影响,但GCB的影响更加显著。添加1％GCB后,PP的结晶峰值温度提高了11．6℃。添加量仅为1％时,材料的缺口冲击强度,屈服强度和弯曲强度都有明显提高。     

云南、河南烤烟中挥发性、半挥发性游离及结合态脂肪酸的研究

本项研究使用同时蒸馏萃取装置,以及气相色谱仪(GC)和气相色谱/谱联用仪(GC/S),对云南、河南烤烟烟叶中游离态和结合态的挥发性、半挥发性脂肪酸进行了分析。共定量测试了21种酸性成分,并比较了两个烟区烤烟中游离态和结合态的挥发性、半挥发性酸性成分的含量。结果显示,烤烟中分子量较小、挥发性较强的脂肪酸,如异戊酸、戊酸和β甲基戊酸,以结合态形式存在的较多;而分子量较大的半挥发性脂肪酸,游离态形式高于结合态。从云南、河南烤烟比较来看,所测试的21种酸性成分,云南烤烟中游离态与结合态挥发性、半挥发性酸性成分的总量比河南烤烟高。云南烤烟中游离态的挥发性、半挥发性酸性成分总的含量是河南烤烟的1.41倍。特别是一些半挥发性酸性成分(十五碳酸、十六碳酸、十七碳酸和十八碳酸等)在云南烤烟中的含量非常丰富。对结合态的脂肪酸来说,十碳酸及其以下的挥发性酸性成分在河南烤烟中的含量比云南烤烟含量高,明显偏高的是正戊酸和正己酸;而十碳酸以上的半挥发性脂肪酸在云南烤烟中的含量比河南烤烟丰富,比较突出的有正十六酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸      

Effectiveness of combined preservation methods to extend the shelf life of Morcilla de Burgos

Morcilla de Burgos is the most famous blood sausage in Spain. However, while producers are interested in extending its shelf life, the consumer is increasingly demanding more natural food. This situation has led to the current search for new and mild preservation technologies. Two batches of four different products: control without any treatment, control with organic acid salts (CnOAS; a 3% mixture of potassium/sodium l-lactate), control with high hydrostatic pressure processing (CnHPP; 600MPa-10min), and a combination of both treatments (OAS+HPP), were carried out to evaluate any synergistic effect that occurs when combining OAS and HPP, and the influence of different preservative treatments on the spoilage bacterial population and their evolution. HPP (with or without addition of OAS) can be considered the most suitable method for preserving morcilla de Burgos as it does not produce negative changes in sensory attributes. No clear selective effect of different treatments on the composition of the spoilage bacteria was seen and similar spoilage patterns were observed independently of the preservation treatment used.     

反相HPLC双检测器法同时测定米根霉乳酸发酵液中的有机酸与葡萄糖

提出了用高效液相色谱法同时测定米根霉乳酸发酵液中的有机酸和葡萄糖。用Ｗａｋｏｓｉ－Ⅱ５Ｃ１８ＲＳ（４．６ｍｍ＊１５０ｍｍ,５μｍ）色谱柱,以０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸水溶液（ＰＨ２．５）为流动相,流速１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,利用有机酸及葡萄糖对紫外光吸收强弱的差异,采用双检测器系统,以示差折光检测器检测葡萄糖,以可变波长检测器检测有机酸,一次进样可同时定性及定量分析待测样中的有机酸及葡萄糖,每个样品的分析过程