GTI''s hydrogen programs: hydrogen production, storage, and applications

The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier could help address our concerns about energy security, global climate change,and air quality. Fuel cells are an important enabling technology for the Hydrogen Future and have the potential to revolutionize theway we power our nation, offering cleaner, more-efficient alternatives to the combustion of gasoline and other fossil fuels.For over 45 years, GTI has been active in hydrogen energy research, development and demonstration. The Institute has extensive experience and on-going work in all aspects of the hydrogen energy economy including production, delivery, infrastructure,use, safety and public policy. This paper discusses the recent GTI programs in hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的研究

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的关键部件之一,直接影响到电池组的性能和成本。如何选用新材料及其工艺制备技术,大幅降低材料加工成本,是目前急需解决的关键问题之一,为此介绍了一种新型的低成本制备高性能双极板的方法。     

质子交换膜燃料电池电极用气体扩散层材料

通过分析质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)电极用气体扩散层的功能特点及性能要求,对几种常用于PEMFC电极中的气体扩散层材料,如碳纤维纸、碳纤维编织布、非织造布及炭黑纸等进行了评述,介绍了它们的基底制作工艺及后处理工艺,同时对几种典型的憎水处理方法作了简要的说明。针对各种气体扩散层材料存在的缺陷,指出研究开发具有高性能的气体扩散层材料将有利于改善PEMFC电极的综合性能。     

GTI''''s hydrogen programs: hydrogen production, storage, and applications

1 Hydrogen production and storageBeginningin 2000,Gas Technology Institute(GTI)made amajor commitment to combine its core competency in compressedgas systems and fuel processing·This resultedin a major collabora-tive program with the U·S·Department of …     

碳纳米管负载La-Ni-Pt催化剂的制备与性质

采用改进的多元醇还原法以乙二醇为反应介质、PVP为保护剂、水合肼为还原剂,制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)负载的La-Ni-Pt合金催化剂,并对CNTs进行了预处理。采用XRD、TEM和EDS法,对样品La-Ni-Pt/CNTs合金和La-Ni-Pt合金的晶相结构、形貌和表面元素进行了分析;采用电化学工作站对电催化性能和耐酸腐蚀性能进行了研究。通过使用CNTs作为载体,催化剂的电催化性能和耐酸腐蚀性能均得到了提高。     

质子交换膜燃料电池风机控制技术研究

该文首先研究了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)风机的性能,分析了PEMFC的工作温度对其性能的影响,并给出了控制PEMFC风机的数学模型。然后,对高电压、大电流运算放大器OPA548进行了详细的介绍,设计了用OPA548控制PEMFC风机工作电压的硬件电路,最后,对使用OPA548时应注意的事项进行了讨论。     

质子交换膜燃料电池中碳纳米管负载的氧电极材料制备与表征

本文介绍了碳纳米管(CNTs)在质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂中的应用,对Pt/CNTs及Pt/C催化剂的比表面积、孔径、孔分布及金属表面分散情况进行了比较.实验发现,具备典型中孔结构的CNTs使得铂金属在其表面分散更加均匀.在催化剂制备工艺的研究中发现,合适的硝酸(40%)处理会使催化剂载体具备更加适宜的孔结构.通过本文的讨论,可以认为Pt/CNTs是一种可以应用在质子交换膜燃料电池上很有前景的电催化剂.     

Distributed parameter model simulation tool for PEM fuel cells

In this work, a simulation tool for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) has been developed, based on a distributed parameter model. The tool is designed to perform studies of time and space variations in the direction of the gas channels. Results for steady-state and dynamic simulations for a single cell of one channel are presented and analyzed. Considered variables are concentrations of reactants, pressures, temperatures, humidification, membrane water content, current density, among others that have significant effects on the performance and durability of PEMFC.     

Efficient fault diagnosis method of PEMFC thermal management system for various current densities

The temperature of a fuel cell has a considerable impact on the saturation of a membrane, electrochemical reaction speed, and durability. So thermal management is considered one of the critical issues in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Therefore, the reliability of the thermal management system is also crucial for the performance and durability of a fuel cell system. In this work, a methodology for component-level fault diagnosis of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell thermal management system for various current densities is proposed. Specifically, this study suggests fault diagnosis using limited data, based on an experimental approach. Normal and five component-level fault states are diagnosed with a support vector machine model using temperature, pressure, and fan control signal data. The effects of training data at different operating current densities on fault diagnosis are analyzed. The effects of data preprocessing method are investigated, and the cause of misdiagnosis is analyzed. On this basis, diagnosis results show that the proposed methodology can realize efficient component-level fault diagnosis using limited data. The diagnosis accuracy is over 92% when the residual basis scaling method is used, and data at the highest operating current density is used to train the support vector machine.     

Catalytic enhancement of formic acid electro-oxidation through surface modifications with gold on supported Pt nanoparticles

The Formic Acid Electro-oxidation (FAEO) on Pt/Au Nanoparticles (PtAu NP) supported on Hierarchical Porous Carbon (HPC), was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The supported HPC-Pt nanoparticles were surface modified by Au spontaneous deposits. The morphological and compositional characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). A significant increase of the current densities for FAEO in the potential region 0.1–0.75 V_RHE was observed on HPC-PtAu catalysts. The comparison with HPC-Pt electrodes results show that Au atoms presence on Pt nanoparticles is a key factor to improve the catalysts performance. Based on our results, a clear change in FAEO mechanism on HPC-PtAu catalysts with respect to HPC-Pt was evidenced.