Review:Mg and Its Alloy——Scope, Future Perspectives and Recent Advancements in Welding and Processing

镁/镁合金焊接与加工的最新进展与未来展望

Sachin Kumar,武传松

（山东大学 材料科学与工程学院,济南 250061）

中文说明：

该文非常详细地综述了镁及镁合金的生产、加工及焊接的研究现状。尤其是在镁合金焊接部分,作者比较详细地阐述了熔化焊、激光焊、固相焊及钎焊等方法在镁合金焊接中的研究现状、存在问题与发展动向。该文对于镁合金焊接研究人员具有重要的参考价值。

关键词：镁;镁合金;加工;焊接;连接;最新进展

     

Sr对Mg-1.7Si合金中初生和共晶Mg_2Si相的变质作用

为了获得性能优良的耐热镁合金,研究了Sr对初生和共晶Mg_2Si相的变质作用,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了Mg_2Si相的形貌特征与Mg-1.7Si-x Sr合金的微观组织.结果表明,当Sr的质量分数处于1.0%~1.5%范围内时,可对初生和共晶Mg_2Si相进行有效变质.Sr的吸附作用可以诱发孪晶沟槽、旋转晶界等原子扩展台阶的出现,引起原子堆砌方式和晶体生长方向的改变,因而Sr可对初生Mg_2Si相起到变质作用.Sr的添加还可将Mg+Mg_2Si共晶的长大方式由合作长大模式变为以重新形核为主兼有合作长大的混合模式,使得Mg_2Si相的生长形态产生改变,因而Sr可对共晶Mg_2Si起到变质作用.     

去应力退火对DZ125合金再结晶行为的影响

为了获得具有优异高温力学性能的定向凝固高温合金,减少定向凝固叶片在生产过程中产生再结晶的现象,对经过喷丸后的DZ125合金进行了去应力退火处理,随后对其进行了不同温度下的热处理.利用扫描电子显微镜观察了DZ125合金的微观组织.结果表明,当表征喷丸强度的Almen值为0.25 mm时,依次进行870℃/500 h去应力退火与1 000℃/4 h热处理后,DZ125合金中仍存在少量胞状再结晶.经过1 150℃/4 h热处理后,胞状再结晶层厚度约降低30%;经过1 230℃/4 h热处理后,等轴状再结晶层厚度总体约降低了30%.当Almen值为0.17 mm时,在870℃下进行不同时间的去应力退火处理与1 230℃/4 h热处理后发现,随着退火时间的增加,再结晶层厚度逐渐降低,当退火时间为500 h时,再结晶层厚度约降低50%.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锆材中的铪、铁、铬

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定锆材中铪、铁、铬元素含量的方法。样品用硝酸-氢氟酸溶解,探讨了基体锆对元素铪、铁、铬以及铪、铁、铬相互之间的干扰情况,确定了铪、铁、铬元素最佳分析谱线分别为264.141nm,238.204nm,267.716nm。线性相关系数r≥0.9999,加标回收率均为95%~105%,铪、铁、铬的相对标准偏差小于3%(n=11)。该方法简便、快速、准确,满足锆材日常生产的检测要求。     

钛合金动态本构模型参数敏感度分析及识别方法

为分析钛合金动态本构模型参数的敏感度,克服了传统单因素分析法的弊端,采用拉丁超立方抽样方法在整个参数空间中抽样,利用非参数统计方法中的Spearman秩相关分析法对本构参数随机输入样本集与其对应的目标函数输出结果集作相关性分析。建立了用Spearman秩相关系数等效求解参数敏感度的表达式,进而实现了参数敏感度的整体性分析,提高了参数敏感度分析结果的可靠性。基于参数敏感度分析结果,为减少本构模型参数识别的计算量,快速、精确、可靠地搜索最优解,本文建立了基于改进小生境算法、可疑峰值点判断策略和局域精确搜索技术的改进遗传算法。该方法克服了基本遗传算法存在的无法同时满足精度、可靠性和节省计算时间的缺陷,避免了容易产生早熟现象,增强了局部寻优能力。数值计算结果表明：本文提出的方法显著提高了遗传算法的全局搜索能力且计算精度高。本文提出的参数敏感度整体性分析方法和改进遗传算法不仅能很好地实现钛合金的动态本构参数识别,而且对其它工程材料本构参数的高精度识别具有重要参考价值。     

Microstructural characterization of Cu/Al composites and effect of cooling rate at the Cu/Al interfacial region

Cu/Al composites are of vital importance in industrial applications because of their numerous advantages. The influence of bond-ing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and morphology of ...     

A free-cutting and ductile CuAlMnZnTiB shape memory alloy

The mechanical properties and cutting performance of the designed Cu Al Mn Zn Ti B shape memory alloy were studied by tensile test and microstructure observation. Using X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and semi-quantitative shape memory effect test, the microstructure and shape memory effect were analyzed. It is found that lots of βphase and few α phase are formed in the quenching of Cu-7.5Al-9.7Mn-3.4Zn-0.3Ti-0.14B(mass fraction, %) alloy, a great deal of martensite and few α phase are formed in the aging alloy, while the annealing alloy is composed of a great deal of α phase and few βphase. The tensile strength and elongation of the annealed alloy are 649 MPa and 17.1%, respectively. Some tiny and dispersion distributed second phase particles are generated in Ti and B precipitates, greatly improving the alloy machinability.     

Effect of electromagnetic and ultrasonic cast rolling on microstructure and properties of 1050 aluminum substrate for presensitized plate

The 1050 aluminum alloy strip was prepared by means of electromagnetic and ultrasonic cast rolling on the modified asymmetric twin roll caster, and then the aluminum substrate for presensitized plate was prepared through cold rolling and annealing.The effects of electromagnetic and ultrasonic cast rolling on microstructure, mechanical properties, surface roughness and electrolytic corrosion properties of 1050 aluminum substrate were studied. The results show that electromagnetic and ultrasonic cast rolling can decrease the average crystallite size of aluminum substrate by 5 μm, increase the crystal boundaries with uniform distribution, and make the second-phase particles with smaller size distributed dispersively in the substrate, meanwhile, it can increase the tensile strength, elongation and micro-hardness by 4.58%, 9.85% and HV 2, respectively, reduce the surface roughness, make the surface appearance more even, electrolytic corrosion polarization curve of aluminum substrate more smooth and the surface corrosion pits with regular shape more dispersive.     

盐酸羟胺改性柚皮吸附剂的制备及对Cu~(2+)吸附性的研究

用盐酸羟胺改性柚子皮制备一种新型的生物质吸附剂,通过模拟废水吸附试验研究了其对Cu~(2+)的去除效果。从模拟废水的pH、吸附时间、吸附剂用量和反应温度4个方面分别考察了改性柚子皮吸附剂对铜离子去除的影响。以溶液的吸光度和电导率来表征吸附性能。实验结果表明:吸附反应时间、吸附剂加入量、反应温度和模拟废水的pH等4个因素对吸附剂性能均有明显影响,其中当Cu~(2+)的初始质量浓度为100mg/L,温度为35℃,溶液pH=4,吸附剂质量为吸附剂/吸附质质量的15%,吸附时间为25min时,吸附率最高。