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51.
Higher heating values (HHVs) of fatty acids (C4–C18) were measured and correlated using linear least square regression analysis. Equations were developed for the estimation of the HHVs of saturated fatty acids from their molecular weight (Mw), density (DN) and carbon number (CN). These equations are HHV = 0.0518 Mw + 29.76, HHV = −93.4 DN + 122.67 and HHV = 0.7271 CN + 31.419 with R2 values of 0.9895, 0.9798, and 0.9895, respectively. The correlations may be used for HHV estimation of mixtures of fatty acids developed from vegetable oils. 相似文献
52.
Habibeh Haddad Dabaghi Abdolmajid Bayandori Moghaddam Mahmood Kazemzad Rassoul Dinarvand Fezze Aryanasab Mohammad Reza Nabid 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(3):409-413
Electrochemical treatment processes can significantly contribute to the protection of the environment through the minimization
of waste and toxic materials in effluents. From a pharmaceutical point of view and due to the existing resemblance between
the electrochemical and biological reactions, it can be assumed that the oxidation mechanisms on the electrode and in the
body share similar principles. In this paper, the application of electrochemical studies in the design of an environmentally
friendly method was delineated for the new hydrocaffeic acid (HCA, 3,4-dihydroxy hydrocinnamic acid) derivatives synthesis
at carbon electrodes in an undivided cell. In this cell, the EC mechanism reaction was involved, comprising two steps alternatively;
(1) electrochemical oxidation and (2) chemical reaction. In particular, the electro-organic reactions of HCA, an important
biological molecule, were studied in a water–acetonitrile (90:10 v/v) mixture in the presence of benzenesulfinic acid (3) and p-toluenesulfinic acid (4). The research included the use of a variety of experimental techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential
electrolysis and product spectroscopic identification. 相似文献
53.
N. Ilayaraja A. Manivel D. Velayutham M. Noel 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(2):175-186
Electrochemical perfluorination (ECPF) of n-hexanoyl, n-heptanoyl, n-octanoyl, n-nonanoyl and n-decanoyl chlorides was carried out under identical experimental conditions in liquid HF. The product distribution among perfluorinated
carboxylic acids, perfluoro ethers, perfluoroalkanes, isomerised and fragmented products containing less number of carbon
atoms was identified using 19F NMR. The selectivity of C6–C10 perfluoro carboxylic acid varied between 29 and 36%. The alkali insoluble perfluoro cyclic ether and perfluoro alkane fractions
increased with increasing chain length. The increase of perfluoroalkane fractions is mainly due to decarboxylation. Cyclic
ether fractions also decreased slightly with increase in chain length. Among the cyclic ethers α substituted oxolanes were
the predominant products. Six membered cyclic ethers were always found to contain β substitution. The possible pathways for
these products are also indicated.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
54.
Bile acids as constituents for dental composites: in vitro cytotoxicity of (meth)acrylate and other ester derivatives of bile acids. 下载免费PDF全文
Marc A Gauthier Pierre Simard Zhao Zhang X X Zhu 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2007,4(17):1145-1150
Methacrylic derivatives of bile acids have been synthesized for use as monomers in dental composites. Polymeric dental materials are known to leach cytotoxic unreacted monomers and degradation products. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of bile acids and their derivatives towards 3T3 fibroblasts has been evaluated by colorimetric MTT assay and compared with that of the common dental monomers BisGMA, UDMA and TEGDMA. In general, the bile acids and their derivatives induced mitochondrial dysfunction at similar or higher concentrations than the commercial dental monomers. Certain monomers did not influence MTT response over their entire range of solubility. 相似文献
55.
M. Abdallah 《Corrosion Science》2003,45(12):2705-2716
The effect of some ethoxylated fatty alcohols, with different numbers of ethylene oxide units, on the corrosion of zinc in 0.5 M HCl has been studied using weight loss and polarization measurements. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing concentration, number of ethylene oxide units per molecule and with decreasing the temperature. Inhibition was explained on the basis of adsorption of ethoxylated fatty alcohols molecules on the metal surface through their ethoxy groups. The degree of surface coverage varied linearly with logarithm of inhibitor concentration fitting Temkin isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated for the tested system from the data obtained at different temperatures. 相似文献
56.
A novel and efficient way of producing of aldonic acids is reported. The selective catalytic oxidation of monosaccharides (arabinose, ribose, xylose, lyxose, mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine) and disaccharides (lactose, maltose, cellobiose, melibiose) on Au, Pd and Pt catalysts was investigated. By using the gold catalyst, a total selectivity with respect to aldonic acids and a high catalytic activity for all investigated sugars was found. The reaction conditions for the production of maltobionic and lactobionic acids via oxidation on gold catalysts were optimised. A high long-term stability of two different gold catalysts for the oxidation of maltose and lactose, respectively, was found. 相似文献
57.
The authors of this paper investigated the influence of esters of rapeseed oil fatty acids on the lubricating properties of
mineral lubricants containing chosen AW/EP additives. Methyl esters, ethylene glycol esters, and glycerol esters as well as
some commercial AW/EP packages based on zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, S–P organic compounds, and sulphurized esters of fatty
acids were tested. The tribological tests were carried out with the use of a four-ball machine. Antiwear (AW) properties of
tested compositions were determined using their limiting load of wear (Goz(40)). It appears that the AW action of esters of rapeseed oil fatty acids depends on their structure. The best AW action is shown
by compositions of mineral oil lubricants containing AW/EP additives and methyl esters of rapeseed oil fatty acids. The SEM/EDS
analysis of the scar surface layer indicated that the presence of these esters in lubricants causes a change in the interaction
between AW/EP additives and the metal surface. These observations were confirmed by the XPS surface analysis. 相似文献
58.
A linear correlation was shown to exist between the acidity and the cyclic voltammetric half-potential of the reduction of acids in DMF for carboxylic and N-acids in the pKa range of 6-16. Chlorophenols are reduced at slightly lower potentials giving a separate parallel line. Applying the obtained equation and employing the same method to literature data in DMSO, the pKa values for conjugate aids of DMF and DMSO can be calculated, showing DMSO·H+ to be more acidic (pKa = 2.9) than DMF·H+ (pKa = 5.7). The analysis of cyclovoltammetric data demonstrated that a CE mechanism operates in the reduction of strong acids, including the conjugate acid of DMF. Weaker acids are reduced by direct discharge or a mixed mechanism. 相似文献
59.
催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
详细介绍了氮氧自由基催化氧化法和贵金属催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐。氮氧自由基催化时,反应温度20~60℃,反应时间3~6 h,得到酸型产品。贵金属催化剂中,钯的催化活性比铂高。贵金属催化时,加入铅、铋等助催化剂,并以活性炭为载体,碱性条件下于50~90℃反应2~6 h,得到盐型产品。在适当的条件下,这两种方法均可使醇醚转化率达95%,选择性达90%以上。 相似文献
60.
用精确饲喂技术评价了 3个品种的中国双低油菜和 1个加拿大卡诺拉的脱脂种籽和商品饼粕的能量和氨基酸的有效性。结果表明 ,4个脱脂种籽的氮校正真代谢能和氨基酸真消化率没有差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而 4个商品饼粕的脱脂样品的氮校正真代谢能和氨基酸真消化率有极显著或显著差异。研究结果证实 ,不适当的加工方式不仅降低了氨基酸的有效性 ,而且影响家禽对能量的利用效率。 相似文献