钯钇合金膜分离器级联分离氢同位素理论计算

钯合金膜分离氢同位素具有分离能力强、氚滞留量小以及装置设计简单等优点,是一种很有发展潜力的氢同位素分离方法,但受膜及泵输系统等因素的制约,目前仍处于概念设计阶段。文中针对级联分离建立了考虑返混的近似模型。模型表明:各级的分流比和分离系数相同时,对含氚体积分数0.065%的氢同位素混合气体,在0.2分流比(体积比),分离系数为2.5时,经过3级富集和4级贫化就可以得到含氚体积分数1.5%的产品和含氚体积分数0.000 5%的贫料;相同分离系数下,分流比较大时分离系统的规模较小。     

氧化芋头淀粉理化性质研究

以芋头淀粉为原料、过氧化氢为氧化剂,在碱性介质中制备了低氧化度芋头淀粉。经扫描电镜分析,氧化芋头淀粉颗粒呈多角状,平均颗粒直径18.09μm。X-射线衍射确定其晶体形貌为A型结构。流变学分析其糊化温度为79.5℃、特性粘度为2.505 Pa.s,粘弹性曲线显示其粘性大于弹性。其塑性测定结果符合Croass模型,稠度指数为85.56 s。     

High pressure organic colloid method for the preparation of high performance carbon nanotube-supported Pt and PtRu catalysts for fuel cell applications

Highly dispersed,high performance Pt and PtRu catalysts,supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes(CNTs),were prepared by a high pressure organic colloid method.The particle sizes of the active components were as small as 1.2 nm for Pt and 1.1 nm for PtRu,and the active Pt surface areas were 295 and 395 m2/g,respectively.The catalysts showed very high activities toward the anodic oxidation of methanol,evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,being up to 4 times higher than that of commercial Johnson Matthey Hispec 20...     

Research progress of the NSFC Major Research Plan Dynamic Disaster Evolution of Major Engineering Structures

The NSFC Major Research Plan aims to conduct researches at the international research frontiers on modeling of strong earthquake ground motions and strong wind or typhoon fields, and investigating the damage and failure evolution process of the major engineering structures under dynamic actions, focusing on the following two key scientific problems: (1) characteristics and laws of strong earthquake ground motions and strong wind or typhoon fields, and (2) process and mechanism of dynamic disaster evolution ...     

Evolution of radial basic function neural network for fast restoration of distribution systems with load variations

This paper proposes a new algorithm to construct the optimal radial basic function (RBF) neural network for fast restoration of distribution systems with load variations. Service restoration of distribution systems is to restore power to the blacked out but unfaulted area. Basically, it is a stressful and urgent task that must be performed by system operators. In this paper, a new algorithm which combines orthogonal least-squares (OLS) and enhanced differential evolution (EDE) methods is developed to construct the optimal RBF network that shall further achieve the fast restoration of distribution systems. The proposed scheme comprises training data creation phase and network construction phase. In the training data creation phase, a heuristic-based fuzzy inference (HBFI) method is employed to build the restoration plans under various load levels. Then an optimal RBF network is constructed by OLS and EDE algorithms in the network construction phase. Once the RBF network is constructed properly, the desired restoration plan can be produced as soon as the inputs are given. The proposed method was tested on a typical distribution system of the Taiwan Power Company (TPC). Results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of convergence performance and forecasting accuracy.     

A novel differential evolution application to short-term electrical power generation scheduling

This paper proposes a new way of applying a differential evolution algorithm to short-term electrical power generation scheduling. Traditionally, the problem is divided into two subproblems. An evolutionary algorithm, which works with binary decision variables, is applied to the first subproblem to find a low cost scheduling of power generators, satisfying some operational constraints. Then, the lambda-iteration method, is used to calculate the power generated by the online generators. In this study, the problem is treated as a whole for the first time in literature and an application of a real-valued differential evolution algorithm is proposed. This approach eliminates the use of an iterative local search technique such as lambda-iteration in all solution evaluations. Through comparisons with results from literature, it is shown that the proposed method achieves a similar solution quality to existing methods, without needing the time consuming lambda-iteration step. Finally, the new approach is applied to real-world data from the Turkish interconnected power network.     

多通道气体监测仪在发电机系统中的安装及应用

随着发电机组单机容量的变大,其内部冷却方式也用氢冷代替了原先的空冷方式。对于正常运行的机组,发电机组漏氢是常见而又棘手的问题,轻则迫使机组降负荷,重则使机组停机或发生爆炸事故,造成人身伤亡和设备损坏。结合发耳电厂引进的德国PLANER公司生产的NA1000MS多通道气体监测仪的安装、调试和维护,提出了该设备的安装和调试中的注意事项,确保了该设备在投入生产运行后,对机组的漏氢进行有效地检测和报警,从而确保了机组的安全运行。     

电化学测量技术在锅炉化学清洗中的工业应用

采用电化学电解池和测量探针测量了某电厂锅炉柠檬酸酸洗和过氧化氢钝化过程中的极化电阻和腐蚀电位,研究了工业锅炉酸洗过程中腐蚀速度和电位的变化规律。研究表明:应用电化学测量技术分别测量锅炉酸洗过程中酸洗和钝化阶段测量电极的极化电阻和腐蚀电位,可以有效控制酸洗过程中基体金属的腐蚀速率和钝化效果。酸洗过程中,漂洗时的腐蚀速率是酸洗时的10倍左右,漂洗液中一定要加入适量的缓蚀剂,以免引起锅炉基体金属的腐蚀损失。应用腐蚀在线监测技术可以有效控制过氧化氢钝化过程,促进了这种绿色环保型钝化剂在锅炉酸洗中的应用。     

烟气成分对燃煤飞灰汞吸附的影响

在小型固定床试验台上开展了烟气成分对燃煤飞灰汞吸附影响的试验研究。结果表明：在CO2-O2-N2的体系中,单独加入SO2,飞灰的汞吸附能力表现出与SO2的浓度有密切的关系;单独加入0~100′10-6 HCl,随着HCl浓度的增加,飞灰的汞吸附能力逐渐增加,在50′10-6左右达到最佳吸附效果,而后飞灰的汞吸附能力有所降低,但影响不大;单独加入NO,大大促进了飞灰对汞的吸附。HCl和SO2共同作用时,飞灰对汞的吸附效果要好于SO2单独存在时,但比HCl单独存在时要差一些;再加入NO后飞灰的汞吸附效率与吸附量都得到很大的提高。飞灰对Hg0的吸附是物理吸附与化学吸附双重作用的结果。