Electrocatalytic properties and electrochemical stability of polyaniline and polyaniline modified with platinum nanoparticles in formaldehyde medium

We report the electro-oxidation of formaldehyde on polyaniline films modified with Pt nanoparticles (PANI-Pt films) in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The electrodeposition of Pt particles on the PANI matrix was found to promote a mass loss of the film, with a similar effect occurring after cycling the PANI films in the acidic medium containing formaldehyde. However, despite the electrochemical instability of PANI-Pt films, on films containing larger amounts of incorporated Pt particles, the oxidation of formaldehyde produces adsorbed CO species (CO_ads) at a lower positive potential than on bulk Pt. Our findings also indicate that electro-oxidation of CO_ads on the PANI-Pt film surface depends not only on the thickness of PANI film but also on the amount of Pt particles incorporated into the PANI matrix.     

Recovery of indium and lead from lead bullion

Lead and indium were recovered by electrolysis and nonequilibrium solvent extraction process from lead bullion.The effects of current density,electrolytic period and circle amnant of electrolyte on the electrochemical dissolution of lead and indium were investigated.The effects of extraction phase ratio and mixing time on solvent extraction of indium and striping phase ratio and stripping stage on the loaded organic phase stripping were also investigated.The experimental results indicate that under optimum conditions,the purity of lead deposited on cathode is 98.5% and the deposit rate of lead is 99.9%,the dissolution rate of indium is 94.28%,the extraction rate of indium is 98.69%,the stripping rate of indium is almost 100%,and the impurity elements,such as Zn,Fe and Sn can be removed.     

苛性碱分解高钙黑钨精矿试验研究

研究了在高温，高压（Ｔ＝１８０℃，ｐ＝１．０～１．２×１０＾６Ｐａ）的加磷酸盐情况下，苛性碱分解高钙黑钨精矿的工艺，试验表明，高钙钨精矿的分解率（η）可达９８％以上，钨酸钠溶液中Ｐ／Ｗ比值也能满足工艺要求，与常温，常压工艺相比苛性碱的用量降低，分解时间缩短。     

N18、Zry-4和M5锆合金中氢的固溶度

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了含氢20-240μg/g的N18、Zry-4和M5三种锆合金加热时氢化物完全溶解时的固溶度(TSSD)和冷却时氢化物开始析出时的固溶度(TSSP)并使用TSSD或TSSP数据拟合出最优方程.结果表明,这些合金的TSSD或TSSP差别都很小,TSSD与TSSP之间都存在显著的滞后,是氢化物与基体间的体积错配应变所导致.根据冷却时DSC放热峰的宽度,计算出氢化物从过饱和固溶体中析出的平均速率,并拟合出最优方程.氢化物析出的活化能与氢在锆合金中的扩散激活能近似,表明氢化物的析出受到氢扩散的控制.     

Supported Pt-particles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes with controlled surface chemistry

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized by HNO₃ hydrothermal oxidation at 200 °C. The degree of surface functionalization was described by an exponential function in terms of HNO₃ concentration. Very small Pt particles, with mean particle size of 1.7 ± 0.3 nm, could be supported on the surface of pristine MWCNTs and also on MWCNTs treated with HNO₃ concentrations up to 0.20 mol L^− 1, while a broader range of particle sizes, and larger Pt particles (3.4 ± 1.3 nm) were obtained on the MWCNTs treated with a higher HNO₃ concentration (0.30 mol L^− 1). Therefore, the amounts of surface groups and Pt particle sizes can be selected by tuning the HNO₃ concentration used in the hydrothermal treatment.     

电化学氧化锆氧传感器的多孔铂电极(连载二)——(二)多孔铂电极的评价指标分析

测量了表面电阻值不同的两个电极试样的厚度及直流极化特性曲线,并由此分析了以表面电阻值作为电极评价指标的模糊性,提出了以电极极化程度来评价电极性能的概念。     

LaO_x(OH)_y supported platinum catalysts for CO oxidation:Deactivation by formation of lanthanum carbonate

Platinum catalyst for CO oxidation has been studied for decades,due to its high activity and good stability.In this work,we prepared three different lantha num oxide or hydroxide supports(LaO_x(OH)_y),and deposited platinum(Pt) with 0.5 at% via an impregnation approach to synthesize Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y catalysts.However,we find that these catalysts perform a poor stability for the CO oxidation reaction.The fresh and used samples were comprehensively characterized by multiple techniques including power X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),temperature-programmed reduction by carbon monoxide(CO-TPR) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),to demonstrate that the oxidized platinum atoms or clusters,without any component of Pt-Pt metallic bond,are highly dispersed on the surface of LaO_x(OH)_y.Furthermore,the as-formed lanthanum carbonate(La₂O₂CO₃) during the exposure to ambient circumstances or in the reaction atmosphere of CO+O₂,severely impair the reactivity of Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y.On the basis of the obtained experimental results,we have drawn a conclusion that the oxidized P_tO_x atoms or PtxOy clusters are the active species for CO oxidation,while the formation of lanthanum carbonate is the origin of deactivation on reactivity.     

高温共聚焦显微镜原位观察非金属夹杂物溶解行为研究进展

总结了高温共聚焦显微镜观察夹杂物在渣中溶解工作原理和非金属夹杂物溶解行为的研究现状和研究方法,探讨了未反应核模型和扩散方程2种常用于研究非金属夹杂物溶解的动力学模型,各类非金属夹杂物的溶解机制,温度、渣成分、夹杂物性质等影响非金属夹杂物溶解行为的因素,在前人研究的基础上得到不同夹杂物的溶解速率公式.指出该领域对于由钙铝...     

测定钢板镀锌层质量的几种腐蚀液比较

化学溶解法是检验钢板镀锌层质量的一个主要手段。取不同的腐蚀液对镀锌层质量的影响进行了试验和对比。结果表明,选择盐酸-乙二胺（缓蚀剂）溶解锌层,锌层溶解后钢板表面光洁,所得结果的精确度令人满意。