电沉积制备铁基β-PbO2电极

采用电沉积法制备PbO2/Fe电极,研究了电镀液配方、电沉积温度、电流密度、添加剂以及底层(SnO2 Sb2O3)对电极外观、导电性能和使用寿命的影响。正交试验得出了制备电极的最佳工艺为:先在低温40℃大电流密度55mA/cm2条件下电沉积1h制备α-PbO2底层,而后在高温70℃小电流密度35mA/cm2条件下电沉积2h制备β-PbO2。     

铝在路易斯酸性1-烯丙基-3甲基米唑氯铝酸离子液体中的低温电沉积(英文)

Lewis acidic 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate ionic liquids were used as promising elec-trolytes in the low-temperature electrodeposition of aluminium.Systematic studies on deposition process have been performed by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The surface morphology and X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns of deposits prepared at different experimental conditions were also investigated.It was shown that the nu-cleation density and growth rate of crystallites had a great effect on the structure of aluminium deposited.The crys-tallographic orientation of deposits was mainly influenced by temperature and current density.Smooth,dense and well adherent aluminium coatings were obtained on copper substrates at 10-25 mA?cm?2 and 313.2-353.2 K.More-over,the current efficiency of deposition and purity of aluminium have been significantly improved,demonstrating that the ionic liquids tested have a prospectful potential in electroplating and electrorefining of aluminium.     

Graphite fiber-epoxy interphase modification by electrodeposition of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and its influence on composite properties

An electrodeposition technique has been used for the modification of the fiber-matrix interphase in graphite fiber-epoxy composites. A coating of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) polymer was electrodeposited from an aqueous solution on AU graphite fibers used as electrodes in an electrolytic cell. Different electrocoating parameters were initially used to establish the optimum conditions to achieve thin uniform coatings suitable for functioning as interphases in composites reinforced by the coated fibers. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS), evaluated by a single-fiber composite technique, showed that the SMA coating resulted in an improvement of about 50% in IFSS compared with the commercially treated fibers (AS). This was achieved without sacrificing impact strength. Evidence of good epoxy penetration into the coating was obtained by the use of electron microprobe line scans for bromine across the diameter of a filament in a single fiber composite-the bromine introduced through the use of a brominated epoxy resin. The observed improvement in the fiber-matrix interfacial shear strengths is dependent on the co-monomer ratio in electrodeposited SMA.     

铜/钴纳米多层膜的电化学制备及表征

纳米金属多层膜由于其巨磁电阻性能而受到人们的重视。采用双脉冲控电位技术在单晶硅上沉积铜／钴纳米多层膜。测量了电沉积过程中的阴极极化曲线及电流－时间曲线，确定了沉积电位；利用扫描电子显微技术及X射线衍射技术观察了沉积层的断面形貌及晶体结构。结果表明，沉积层结构清晰、连续，各子层厚度均匀。     

电沉积紫膜薄膜中菌紫质的光电响应对N-端表面的金属阳离子浓度的依赖性

用不锈钢／电沉积紫膜薄膜／含水胶（电介质）／钢型菌紫质光电池研究了作用于Ｎ－端表面（紫膜外表面）的钾、镁、镧离子对菌紫质光电响应的影响．在所测条件下光电极性均与质子泵方向一致．光电压幅值是离子浓度依赖性的，对钾、镁、镧离子均存在极大值浓度，它们之间有数量级的差异；依赖性曲线趋势和极大值浓度均各自分别与溶液中菌紫质的质子泵效率对阳离子浓度的这种依赖性相一致．不过，光电响应对作用于Ｃ－端表面的这些离子不存在上述的浓度依赖性．上述的两种依赖性成相关性说明：电沉积紫膜薄膜中菌紫质的光电响应主要来自质子泵运而非非质子离子的贡献；存在一合适的离子浓度使菌紫质的光电响应有极大值．用质子泵结构域模型和扩散双电层理论对这种依赖性进行的讨论认为：金属阳离子的结合与屏蔽两种效应可以解释这种依赖性．     

钛丝负载Pt/TiO2电极的制备及其电催化测定化学需氧量研究

采用阳极氧化的方法,在钛丝上制备TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜,用恒电流沉积的方法在TiO2纳米管表面沉积Pt纳米晶,制备了钛丝负载的Pt/TiO2电极.用SEM对电极的形貌进行了表征,纳米管长度在3.5～10 μm之间与氧化电压和氧化时间密切相关,Pt纳米晶均匀沉积在TiO2纳米管表面.用极化曲线、循环伏安曲线、电流-时间曲线对Pt/TiO2电极的电催化性能进行表征.当沉积电流密度大于1.0 mA/cm2时,制备的Pt/TiO2电极的电催化性能显著高于Pt电极.而且,在甲醛等五种有机物溶液中的电催化结果表明,净电流和理论COD之间表现出很好的线性相关性,说明钛丝负载的Pt/TiO2电极可用于电催化快速检测水体中的化学需氧量.     

一维铂纳米线阵列的模板电沉积及其表征

将一种复合无机介孔膜作为新型的模板应用于一维纳米线阵列的模板合成研究中,通过采用模板恒电位沉积的方法制备出一维铂纳米线阵列,并利用扫描电镜,透射电镜,X射线衍射,能量分布谱,选区电子衍射对该铂纳米线阵列进行了表征。结果表明:通过模板恒电位沉积的方法可以将金属铂组装在复合无机介孔膜内的二氧化硅介孔管中,除去模板后,进而得到长度为10μm的一维多晶铂纳米线(半径为3～4nm)阵列。     

电沉积锡铅合金相组成的研究（阳极溶出伏安法）

用阳极溶出伏安法对电沉积锡铅二元合金的相组成进行了现场研究。结果发现，在柠檬酸－ＥＤＴＡ体系锡铅合金电沉积溶液中，铅的电沉积比锡更困难些。电沉积锡铅合金的阳极溶出伏安曲线上出现两个相互分离的溶解电流峰。这两个峰的电位分别比锡和铅单独存在时阴极溶解峰电位都向正方向移动了几十毫伏，表明电沉积的锡铅合金系由锡中溶有少量铅的β固溶体相和铅中溶有少量锡的α固溶体相组成的共晶体结构。     

Ni-ZrO2复合镀层的结构表征

采用复合电沉积制备Ni-ZrO2复合层。采用X-射线衍射检测ZrO2的加入对镍镀层结构的影响,如衍射峰的强度、金属电沉积时晶粒的择优取向。测试表明,Ni和ZrO2各自在特定的角度分别出现其独特的衍射特征峰,互不干扰,镀层中ZrO2含量增高,衍射强度变强。ZrO2在镀层的掺杂,镀层的晶粒尺寸由29.29 nm降至21.78 nm,镀层晶粒细化。     

温度对电沉积氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响

在0.1mol/L的Ni(NO3)2溶液中,采用电化学沉积法制备出适用于锌镍微电池的氢氧化镍电极,研究了电沉积温度对Ni(OH)2电极的电化学循环伏安性能以及充放电性能的影响。测试结果表明,电沉积方法制备的Ni(OH)2电极适合于微电池的制作。30°C下电沉积制备的Ni(OH)2电极具有优异的电化学性能,其质子扩散系数为7.71×10-12cm2/s,放电比容量为1285μAh/cm2,利用率达91.4%。