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本文全面介绍了日本近年特别是1990年锰矿石进口量和锰铁合金的生产情况。同时还介绍了锰质合金、电解金属锰和电解二氧化锰的进出口情况。日本1990年进口锰矿石143万t,高碳锰铁4.6万t,中、低碳锰铁0.3万t,硅锰21.8t。还列出了进口矿石和硬质合金来源国数量。此外,还介绍了日本重点锰质合金厂的产品。 相似文献
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Intelligent scheduling with tabu search: An application to jobs with linear delay penalties and sequence-dependent setup costs and times 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this article we study thetabu search (TS) method in an application for solving an important class of scheduling problems. Tabu search is characterized by integrating artificial intelligence and optimization principles, with particular emphasis on exploiting flexible memory structures, to yield a highly effective solution procedure. We first discuss the problem of minimizing the sum of the setup costs and linear delay penalties when N jobs, arriving at time zero, are to be scheduled for sequential processing on a continuously available machine. A prototype TS method is developed for this problem using the common approach of exchanging the position of two jobs to transform one schedule into another. A more powerful method is then developed that employs insert moves in combination with swap moves to search the solution space. This method and the best parameters found for it during the preliminary experimentation with the prototype procedure are used to obtain solutions to a more complex problem that considers setup times in addition to setup costs. In this case, our procedure succeeded in finding optimal solutions to all problems for which these solutions are known and a better solution to a larger problem for which optimizing procedures exceeded a specified time limit (branch and bound) or reached a memory overflow (branch and bound/dynamic programming) before normal termination. These experiments confirm not only the effectiveness but also the robustness of the TS method, in terms of the solution quality obtained with a common set of parameter choices for two related but different problems. 相似文献
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In this paper a discrete dynamic model of a single workstation is used to design and analyse control algorithms for closed-loop PPC that improve performance, especially response to disturbances such as rush orders and periodic fluctuations in capacity, while ensuring that dynamic behavior remains favorable and robust. The presence of delays in adjusting capacity presents challenges in both dynamic analysis and control algorithm design that are addressed in the paper. Methods of control engineering, such as transfer function and frequency response analysis, are used to make analysis of fundamental system properties tractable and to improve control of dynamic behavior. 相似文献
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白永忠 《石油化工安全环保技术》2002,18(4):5-7
分析了在役生产装置安全评价存在的职业卫生问题,提出了如何做好重点生产装置职业病预防工作的建议。 相似文献
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Jean-Baptiste Lesourd 《Energy Economics》1985,7(3):138-144
It is shown that, when the mean productivity of some factors, such as energy or materials, is upperly bounded (a condition usually arising in energy production or in the process industries where energy takes part in physico-chemical processes), the production function may not be convex and, under some further conditions, is concave. Consequences of this model on the economics of energy savings are examined, and it is shown that energy savings may be considered at three levels: in the short run, by action on labour factors: in the medium run, by investment and action on labour factors; in the long run, by technological innovation, investment in new technologies and action on labour factors. Empirical findings along these lines are thus confirmed. 相似文献
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In this paper, the concept of Human-Centred Technology will be described with regard to the different dimensions of workplace, groupwork and networks and in terms of the frameworks of both society and the natural environment. These different aspects of Human-Centred Systems will be illustrated by a series of case studies representing several European countries. The report covers a wide range of research fields. The emphasis is on technology: the roles of control and information technology in enterprises today — including issues of applying AI — and the strategies of designing and implementing technology taking into account the specific aspects which characterize human-centred systems. 相似文献