Species differentiation of chinese mollitrichosiphum (aphididae: greenideinae) driven by geographical isolation and host plant acquirement

The impact of both the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and the separation of the Taiwan and Hainan Islands on the evolution of the fauna and flora in adjacent regions has been a topic of considerable interest. Mollitrichosiphum is a polyphagous insect group with a wide range of host plants (14 families) and distributions restricted to Southeast Asia. Based on the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) and Cytochrome b (Cytb) genes, the nuclear elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) gene, and the detailed distribution and host plant data, we investigated the species differentiation modes of the Chinese Mollitrichosiphum species. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Mollitrichosiphum. The divergence time of Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus (c. 11.0 mya (million years ago)), Mollitrichosiphum nandii and Mollitrichosiphum montanum (c. 10.6 mya) was within the time frame of the uplift of the QTP. Additionally, basal species mainly fed on Fagaceae, while species that fed on multiple plants diverged considerably later. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that Fagaceae may be the first acquired host, and the acquisition of new hosts and the expansion of host range may have promoted species differentiation within this genus. Overall, it can be concluded that geographical isolation and the expansion of the host plant range may be the main factors driving species differentiation of Mollitrichosiphum.     

格陵兰岛Isua铁矿的勘查与开发

2011年6月7日-6月12日,我受英国London Mining公司的邀请,到公司在格陵兰岛西海岸的Isua铁矿项目进行了实地调查.现将格陵兰岛矿业投资条件和该项目的概况,介绍给国内的有关企业和对境外矿产资源开发投资感兴趣的机构.     

Modified vegetation-erosion dynamics model and its application in typical watersheds in the Loess Plateau

The vegetation-erosion model was applied in three typical watersheds of hilly and gully area in the Loess Plateau in northwestern China to study the dynamic relations between vegetation coverage and soil erosion rate and various stresses. The model was improved by introducing rainfall and runoff factors. Then the modified model was applied in the Luergou and Luoyugou watersheds. The calculation results with the modified model were compared with the results of the original model. The precisioos of simulated vegetation coverage and soil erosion rate with the modified model were greatly improved compared with the original model. Soil erosion rate reduced with increasing vegetation coverage and the human disturbance caused high soil erosion.     

Geomagnetic polarity transitions recorded in the Miocene lavas of the Wuyu basin,Tibet

Geomagnetic polarity transitions were the most important phenomena in the study of the geomagnetic field evolution and the earth's deep interior dynamics.The Miocene postcollisional ultrapotassic-potassic rocks are widely distributed in the Lhasa Block of southern Tibet.Paleomagnetic studies on the Wuyu Formation indicated that these volcanic rocks recorded the C5Bn.2n-C5Bn.1r and C5ACr-C5ACn geomagnetic polarity transitions.The virtual geomagnetic poles(VGPs) of these two polarity transitions were located ...     

Thick Miocene eolian deposits on the Huajialing Mountains:The geomorphic evolution of the western Loess Plateau

The geomorphic evolution of northwestern China during the Cenozoic has been a subject of much geological interest because of its link with the uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan complex.Much information about these changes is recoverable from the sedimentary sequences of the region.We report here on the thick eolian deposits mantling the Huajialing Mountains,a relatively flat mountain range in the western Loess Plateau.Correlation of magnetic susceptibility stratigraphy with the QA-I Miocene eolian sequence da...     

高原地区小型燃气锅炉设计

针对普通燃气锅炉在高原地区(海拔高、气压低)运行中存在着出力不足、热效率低等问题,从燃烧、传热以及烟风特性等方面对小型燃气锅炉的设计进行了分析和讨论,得出了高原地区小型燃气锅炉设计原则。结合以上原则,青海油田花土沟生产基地集中供热系统改造取得了十分显著的节能效果。     

应用参与式理念进行小流域社区发展规划的思考

通过总结英国赠款项目静宁县北岔小流域参与式规划过程,结合项目总体目标与阶段性目标以及所取得的成果．分析规划过程的经验与不足,提出了应用参与式理念进行小流域规划的优化模式,认为应用参与理念进行社区发展规划有效地调动了农民参与项目的积极性,真正体现了农民是社区发展项目的主体。对规划过程分析表明,参与式流域调查与项目设计应该分为三个阶段,即流域基本情况了解与项目宣传阶段,社区问题分析阶段和项目设计与公示阶段。在参与式规划过程中要强化社区规划小组的作用。     

对我国油气资源可持续发展的一些看法

对我国油气资源可持续发展提出了以下看法:①中国原油高峰年产量保持在约1.8×10⁸t,维持的时间长一些对我国的石油供应安全更有利;②大油气田的发现与"难采储量"的发现是长期并存的,因此,在寻找大油气田的同时,也不能放弃对低品位储量的勘探;③我国原油开采应长期走有经济效益的"多井低产"道路;④对我国今后油气资源远景产生重大影响的是那些知之甚少的新区,如南海南沙海域、青藏高原、南海北部陆坡深水区。     

云南高原岩溶区极端降水变化规律研究

利用云南高原岩溶区9个气象站1960-2017年逐日降水量数据,通过MATLAB软件计算了6个极端降水指数,基于反距离加权插值、线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验以及Morlet连续小波变换等技术方法,探讨了云南高原岩溶区极端降水的演化规律。结果表明:云南高原岩溶区1960-2017年各极端降水指数中,CDD、RX1day、RX5day、SDII主要呈缓慢的上升趋势,CWD呈显著的下降趋势,PRCPTOT整体减少趋势不显著;1960-2017年间仅有CDD和PRCPTOT发生了显著突变,突变年份分别为2006年以及2000年,其余4个指数CWD、RX1day、RX5day、SDII无明显突变现象;各极端降水指数周期性震荡较为明显,CDD、CWD、RX1day、RX5day分别存在28~30a、26~30a、27~30a、27~30a的主周期,SDII与PRCPTOT在27~30a时间尺度上周期最为明显;1960-2017年云南高原岩溶区各极端降水指数空间差异较为明显,除CDD表现为由南向北逐渐递增趋势外,其余5个指数表现为由北向南逐渐递增的相反趋势;1960-2017年间,CDD、CWD、RX1day、RX5day以及SDII均与PRCPTOT呈一致的极显著正相关,相关系数均达0.98以上。极端降水的这些变化可为未来岩溶水资源管理、生态环境建设等方面提供参考。     

Rheological and micro-Raman time-series characterization of enzyme sol–gel solution toward morphological control of electrospun fibers

Abstract

Rheological and micro-Raman time-series characterizations were used to investigate the chemical evolutionary changes of silica sol–gel mixtures for electrospinning fibers to immobilize an enzyme (tyrosinase). Results of dynamic rheological measurements agreed with the expected structural transitions associated with reacting sol–gel systems. The electrospinning sols exhibited shear-thinning behavior typical of a power law model. Ultrafine (200–300 nm diameter) fibers were produced at early and late times within the reaction window of approximately one hour from initial mixing of sol solutions with and without enzyme; diameter distributions of these fibers showed much smaller deviations than expected. The enzyme markedly increased magnitudes of both elastic and viscous moduli but had no significant impact on final fiber diameters, suggesting that the shear-thinning behavior of both sol–gel mixtures is dominant in the fiber elongation process. The time course and scale for the electrospinning batch fabrication show strong correlations between the magnitudes in rheological property changes over time and the chemical functional group evolution obtained from micro-Raman time-series analysis of the reacting sol–gel systems.