城市生活垃圾自动燃烧智能控制器设计

分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧炉中能控制方法,根据提取的影响焚烧过程的特征行为空间,分析了在不同种情况下行为提取算子,找到了以空气进气量和炉床运行速度为基本控制变量的控制基元组合.进而获取了控制燃烧过程的控制规则,利用正向推理方法最终得到燃烧段进气量和垃圾在各炉段停留时间的控制关系.经过理论分析和利用微机控制实际应用证明该控制器实用、有效.     

利用小型水泥厂处理城市生活垃圾的可行性分析

针对目前中小型水泥企业的不景气,甚至出现停产等状况,提出利用中小型水泥厂处理城市生活垃圾的设想,并阐述了小型水泥厂向垃圾处理厂转型的优势与可行性以及目前面临的困难与挑战.     

基于DCS的垃圾发电焚烧炉优化控制方案设计

针对炉排型垃圾焚烧炉的特点,设计了焚烧炉的主蒸汽压力、温度、燃料量等控制系统,介绍了基于DCS的垃圾发电焚烧炉的优化控制方案。该垃圾发电焚烧炉控制方案经多家垃圾发电厂应用取得了一定的经济效益。     

紧凑式低放可燃固体废物焚烧装置设计、建造与工程验证

针对废物污染轻、产生量少的场合,开发了一套占地小、投资少的"紧凑式低放可燃固体废物焚烧装置",并进行了工程验证试验。结果表明:该装置工艺可行、整体运行平稳;操作简单、安全可靠;处理能力、减容比、减重比等各项技术指标均满足设计要求,烟气排放监测结果满足国家有关标准要求。     

高效环保型热解气化高炉的工艺设计及应用

引进日本城市垃圾焚烧处理技术,介绍高炉型城市垃圾与工业污泥干燥热解、还原气化、液态出渣、生产可燃煤气用于锅炉供热的新型炉型。     

某型垃圾中转站压缩机结构分析及优化设计

针对压缩垃圾反作用力载荷的不确定性,垃圾中转站压缩机结构分析与优化设计具有较大难度的问题,在对某垃圾中转站压缩机进行结构有限元分析的基础上,使用ANSYS与导重法相结合的优化方法,成功地对该压缩机进行了以提高结构强度、减少结构重量为目的的优化设计。     

Vitrification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: An approach to find the successful batch compositions

Incineration is the most common way to reduce the mass and the volume of municipal solid wastes. One of the most dangerous by-products of the incineration process is fly ash that contains a considerable amount of heavy metals. Therefore, its treatment is crucial to prevent the leaching of heavy metals into the environment. In the present work, two different sources of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash have been vitrified in order to inhibit the release of potentially toxic heavy metals. Two different sources of silica, i.e. silica sand and glass cullet, have been added to each type of fly ash in an attempt to obtain vitrifiable batches. The standard leaching test on vitrified products was performed according to EN12457-2 confirming no heavy metal leaching and, therefore, they all pass waste acceptance criteria to be classified as an inert material. Furthermore, the previously reported data for vitrification of fly ash was combined with the present work and their compositions were presented in the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–CaO, and SiO₂-ΣM₂O₃-Σ(MO + M₂O) ternary phase diagrams to identify the region in which successful compositions are concentrated. This analysis could facilitate the attempt to find the right composition for vitrification of fly ash.     

Pyrolysis kinetics and combustion characteristics of waste recovered fuels

Alternative fuels, such as biomass and refuse derived fuels tend to play an increasingly important role in the European energy industry. Co-firing fuels derived from non-hazardous waste streams have the potential of covering a significant part of the future demand on co-incineration capacities, which is expected to increase due to the implementation of the 2000/76 EC landfill Directive. However, their combustion behaviour has not yet been fully investigated, because of the difficulty to define representative fuel characteristics simulating accurately all the fuel fractions. In the present study, refuse derived fuel behaviour was investigated by thermogravimetry under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. A non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyser (TA Q600) operated at ambient pressure was used for both the pyrolysis and combustion experiments. The devolatilisation of the waste samples was investigated at a temperature range of 30-1000 °C with the constant heating rate of 20 °C/min and for particle sizes between 150 and 250 μm. Combustion tests were realized under the same heating conditions. The independent parallel, first order, reactions model was elaborated for the kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis results. The thermal degradation of the refuse derived fuel samples was modeled assuming four parallel reactions corresponding to the devolatilisation of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and plastics. Increased activation energies were calculated for the plastics fraction. Lignin presented the lowest contribution in the pyrolysis of the samples. Slightly increased combustion reactivities were found for the waste fuel samples compared to lignite. It is concluded that waste recovered fuels can be used in existing combustion facilities either alone or in combination with coal and future investigations should focus on the operational behaviour of large-scale facilities when exploiting these waste species.     

硫磺尾气焚烧炉蒸汽过热器失效分析

针对硫磺尾气焚烧炉蒸汽过热器的泄漏问题,结合其实际运行情况,从宏观和微观两方面分析了失效原因,提出了处理措施,取得了较好的效果。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂焚烧炉的选型

本文重点介绍了目前垃圾焚烧发电厂中常用的三种焚烧炉:机械炉排焚烧炉、回转窑焚烧炉和循环流化床焚烧炉。从设备结构、运行原理等方面进行了对比和分析。对影响垃圾焚烧炉选型的主要因素进行了分析讨论。从对垃圾热值的适应性、燃烧效率、污染物控制和热能利用效率等方面综合考虑,循环流化床焚烧炉是一种较为合适的垃圾焚烧炉。