Nitrogen in SL/RN direct reduced iron: origin and effect on nitrogen control in EAF steelmaking

Abstract

In the steel plant considered here, direct reduced iron (DRI), produced by the coal based Stelco–Lurgi/Republic–National (SL/RN) process, makes up 50% or more of the total iron charge. The SL/RN DRI samples from a kiln cooler had high nitrogen contents (50–250 ppm, depending on particle size), contributing to elevated nitrogen levels in liquid steel produced in the electric arc furnaces. The proposed mechanism of nitriding of SL/RN DRI involves gaseous nitrogen (present within the rotary cooler) diffusing into the solid bed and is supported by a simple diffusion model. A strong correlation was found between the melt-in carbon content of the liquid steel and the final tap nitrogen content, with melt-in carbon of 0·3%C or higher resulting in nitrogen levels below 50 ppm at tap, even when charging DRI material that is high in nitrogen.     

Gaseous reduction of ultrafine metallurgical dust in rotary furnace

A laboratory scale rotary furnace has been developed for gaseous reduction of ultrafine metallurgical dusts to produce iron, zinc and other metal resources at submelting point temperatures. The kinetics of this process is much higher than say static or moving bed systems. By way of example, using dust with 38%Fe and 10%Zn, a 17?min treatment at 900°C produces an iron product of ～92%Fe and a zinc product of ～86%Zn.     

Encoder based online motion planning and feedback control of redundant manipulators

This paper proposes and investigates an online motion planning and feedback control (OMPFC) scheme for redundant manipulators via techniques of quadratic programming and rotary encoder. The proposed OMPFC scheme is performed on a planar six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator. This robotic scheme incorporates the feedback of task-space position error. The joint state is obtained in real time via rotary encoders equipped on the physical manipulator. The original scheme is finally reformulated as a unified quadratic program (QP). The QP is solved online during the joint motion by employing an efficient numerical algorithm. Simulation and experimental results validate the physical realizability, online property, and efficacy of the proposed OMPFC scheme (including the employed numerical algorithm).     

Fabrication of hybrid micro/nano-textured surfaces using rotary ultrasonic machining with one-point diamond tool

A novel rotary ultrasonic texturing (RUT) technique is proposed to fabricate hybrid periodic micro/nano-textures on flat surfaces. Different from conventional rotary ultrasonic machining, a tailored one-point diamond tool was manufactured and employed for RUT on surfaces of electroless nickel–phosphorus (Ni–P) plating. A one-dimensional longitudinal-vibration mode is used. The combined effect of ultrasonic vibration, rotation and feed motion leads to high-frequency periodic change of cutting edge׳s motion, which is the basic principle for the RUT process. Therefore, to accurately predict and control the texturing process, the cutting locus is firstly mathematically calculated. Hybrid periodic micro/nano-textures comprising linear grooves at the micrometer scale and sinusoidal grooves at the micrometer or nanometer scale were successfully fabricated on machined surfaces, which are in compliance with the results of the mathematical calculations. Different types of surface textures were generated by changing machining conditions. The surface generation mechanism of RUT is illustrated and discussed by analyzing the surface textural features, the cutting locus and the tool tip׳s geometry, including various tool faces, cutting edges, and the cutting corner. The requirements for RUT technique are concluded.     

CB／A14型低噪声内啮合齿轮泵结构分析

以CB／A14型内啮合齿轮泵为研究对象，详细讨论了该齿轮泵的齿轮结构特点，主要包括齿轮材质选择、结构确定和齿轮参数的选择。最后还介绍了CB／A14的流量脉动与密封情况。理论研究和实际应用表明，该泵承载能力大、效率高、工作噪声低，具有很好的发展前景。     

四川非常规气田开发主要钻井技术及其应用效果

随着油气勘探开发难度不断加大,尤其是近年来非常规气田的开发,定向钻井成为钻井主流技术,如何有效控制钻井成本和保护环境并防止井下事故的发生成为作业者必须面对的问题。为此,自2010年以来,在荷兰皇家壳牌集团(中国)四川非常规气项目50余井次的钻井工作中,运用了旋转导向技术、新型钻井液配方、钻井液回收技术和固控配套技术,取得了快速、安全、环保的应用效果,其中DXXX井应用旋转导向钻井,实现完钻井深5 729 m,水平段长1 418 m,钻井周期105 d,同比螺杆钻水平井节约时间65 d,钻井工程创下了该区新纪录。尤其是针对不同地层特点,兼顾环保要求,成功研制和应用了新型钻井液配方、固控和钻屑处理技术,取得了较好的环保效果。结论认为,上述配套技术的应用对提高钻遇产层成功率、提高钻井速度、缩短钻井周期、控制钻井成本、获得更好的经济效益和社会效益,具有重要的保障作用。     

降低3~#发电机组除氧系统自耗电技改措施

新疆青松建材化工(集团)股份有限公司本部水泥厂电力车间负责水泥厂新型干法旋窑熟料生产线的纯低温余热发电的生产任务,装机容量为5MW/台,为企业的节能减排做出了贡献,机组在运行过程中发现3#机组自耗电比偏高,为了解决这个问题,技术人员进行了全面分析找出了影响因素,并采取了有效的措施进行了解决。     

挖掘机回转接头耐久性全自动试验系统的研究

为了对回转接头进行耐久性测试,拟定了耐久性全自动试验系统构成方案。耐久性试验系统液压加载部分采用了双作用自动增压缸,回路工作压力可达42 MPa,由伺服电机经行星减速器降速后带动回转接头的回转轴与壳体相对转动,实现了转速、转向及转角的自动调节,结构紧凑、体积小、运转平稳;通过PLC控制电磁阀的得失电,控制伺服电机的转速、转向及转角,由PC机实时显示采集到的油温、油液流量、油液压力、回转接头的驱动转矩与转速数据,生成压力、流量、油温变化曲线,从而在国内首次实现了回转接头性能参数的自动检测、实时显示。     

湿喷机液压系统液压冲击主动控制研究

液压活塞式湿喷机泵送液压系统在换向阀换向时存在着严重的液压冲击,产生液压冲击的主要原因是换向时油路中的油液和负载的速度瞬间变化,而油液和负载速度变化与泵的排量有关系。针对这种现象,提出在主油缸活塞端增加感应套,根据感应套位移控制泵的排量来降低液压冲击的方法。通过AMESim建模与仿真分析验证了这种主动控制方法的可行性,为泵送液压系统的设计提供依据。     

提高大型高精立式机床精度保持性的新型转台技术研究

针对国内生产的高速、高精大型立式机床以及车铣复合机床等高档数控机床迫切需要提高精度保持性的重大需求,开发一种能提高大型高精立式机床精度保持性的数控回转工作台。该回转工作台采用一套精密推力向心组合圆锥滚子轴承,取消了传统结构中的主轴及其复杂的轴承支承系统。推力向心组合圆锥滚子轴承的底圈和上圈都安装在同一个轴台上,实现了上圈、底圈与轴台无间隙的紧配合,消除了轴承所有套圈和它们配合件之间的间隙,并能实现过盈配合,很大程度上提高了机床的精度保持性。