一种组合式滚流进气道结构

旨在探究一种能够提高多气门汽油机滚流进气道进气性能的新技术．通过分析滚流进气道进气充量的动力学，提出了由传统滚流进气道和副气道组合的进气道结构．用滚流试验的方法，对比了几个不同方位的副气道．证明利用副气道的作用，可以实现增强缸内滚流而不影响进气流量．     

Combustion analysis of a spark ignition engine fueled with gaseous blends containing hydrogen

This paper presents the combustion characteristics of a naturally aspirated spark ignition engine, intended for installation in vehicles, fueled with different hydrogen and methane blends. The experimental tests were carried out in a wide range of speeds at equivalence ratios of 1, 0.8 and 0.7 and at full load. The ignition timing was maintained for each speed, independently of the equivalence ratio and blend used as fuel. Four methane-hydrogen blends were used. In-cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, heat released and cycle-by-cycle variations were analyzed as representative indicators of the combustion quality. It was observed that hydrogen enrichment of the blend improve combustion for the ignition timing chosen. This improvement is more appreciable at low speeds, because at high speeds hydrogen effect is attenuated by the high turbulence. Also, hydrogen addition allowed the extension of the LOL, enabling the engine to run stable in points where methane could not be tested. The main inconvenience detected was the high NO_x emissions measured, especially at stoichiometric conditions, due mainly to the increment in the combustion temperature that hydrogen produces.     

可变滚流与二次喷油对火花点燃式发动机稀燃特性影响的研究

本文研究了可变滚流与二次喷油技术对发动机稀燃特性的影响。研究发现:1)在三种滚流比情况下,发动机比油耗随二次喷油比例的增加,呈下降趋势,说明在缸内只存在滚流运动的情况下,采用较大比例的二次喷油量可以获得更好的燃油经济性。2)喷油正时明显影响发动机燃油耗,在三种滚流比情况下,最低油耗点所对应的喷油正时按照T1、T2和T3顺序依次提前;负荷较大时,对应的最低油耗点喷油正时也相应有所提前。3)增强进气滚流运动可以改善发动机低速工况条件下的燃油经济性和排放特性,但应避免可变滚流机构对燃油喷注的阻隔作用。     

点火提前角对电喷LPG发动机排放特性的研究

在一台水冷、四冲程、125ml的LPG电控喷射火花点燃式摩托车发动机上通过改变点火提前角束研究LPG发动机的排放特性，了解在不同空燃比条件下的影响趋势，为LPG发动机点火系统的优化设计提供理论依据和试验手段。     

SI engine assessment using biogas,natural gas and syngas with different content of hydrogen for application in Brazilian rice industries: Efficiency and pollutant emissions

After Asia, Brazil is the world's largest rice producer. During the processing of the grain, large amounts of husk are generated, corresponding to 22% of its weight. On the other hand, in the process of parboiling, in turn, the final result is considerable volumes of effluents rich in organic matter, generating large amounts of methane gas through anaerobic treatment. Therefore, the SI engine can operate with mixtures of biogas and syngas, generating electricity and heat in the Brazilian rice industries. In addition, it reduces the emissions of polluting gases that are generated with a direct burning of the husks instead of their gasification, as well as the use of methane gas. Accordingly, in this work, it was used the spark-ignition engine operating with one of the typical biogas and syngas compositions generated in the rice industries, named Bio65 (containing 65% of CH₄ by vol.), syngas1 (containing 18,3% of H₂ by vol.), and syngas2 (containing 13,5% of H₂ by vol.), respectively. Additionally, the tests with natural gas as a reference fuel have been performed. It was evaluated the emissions of polluting gases such as CO, NO_x and HC, as well as the thermal and electrical efficiency of all tested fuels. An important result that could be observed was that for both natural gas and biogas fuel, the increase in excess ratio (λ) value from 1 to 1.5 led to lower NO_x and CO emissions, even if with increased HC emissions. On the other hand, the Indicated Specific Energy Consumption increased to all the fuels tested in lean conditions in almost all ignition advances angles. The research tried to show that biogas and syngas can be used in parboiling rice industries, taking the advantage of the generated gases for energy self-sufficiency as well as reducing emissions.     

Efficiency and emissions in a vehicle spark ignition engine fueled with hydrogen and methane blends

This paper shows the results of the tests carried out in a naturally aspirated vehicle spark ignition engine fueled with different hydrogen and methane blends. The percentage of hydrogen tested was up to 50% by volume in methane. The tests were carried out in a wide range of speeds with the original ignition timing of the engine. Also, lean equivalence ratios were proved. Just the fuel injection map was modified for each fuel blend and equivalence ratio tested. In this paper, the results of thermal efficiency and pollutant emissions achieved at full load have been compared with the corresponding gasoline test results. The best balance between thermal efficiency and pollutant emissions was observed with the 30% hydrogen and 70% methane fuel blend.     

Effect of the fuel injection strategy on the combustion process in a PFI boosted spark-ignition engine

In this paper, the effect of different fuel injection strategies on the combustion process was investigated in a boosted port fuel injection spark-ignition engine. The experiments were performed on a partially transparent single-cylinder engine, equipped with a four-valve head and boost device. Single and double fuel injection strategies were tested in the open-valve condition. Moreover, two fuel injection pressures were considered. Optical techniques based on 2D-digital imaging were used to follow the flame propagation in the combustion chamber. In particular, the diffusion-controlled flames near valves and on cylinder walls due to the fuel film burning were studied. Two-colour pyrometry was employed to measure soot concentration. In-cylinder optical investigations were correlated to the engine parameters and to the exhaust emissions.     

四气门发动机可变滚流结构稀薄燃烧特性的研究

研究了可变滚流结构的稀薄燃烧特性。主要讨论了可变滚流结构对发动机稀薄燃烧时燃油经济性和排放特性的影响。结果表明 :在稀薄燃烧情况下 ,发动机负荷大小对 CO排放的影响不大 ,CO排放始终保持在 0 .5 %以下 ;HC排放则具有相似的变化趋势 ,但排放量随负荷增加而略有增加 ;负荷对 NOx 排放的影响主要表现在空燃比为 13～ 18的范围内 ,负荷越大 ,NOx 排放越大 ;对空燃比小于 13或大于 18的 NOx 排放影响较小。阀片位置 (或滚流比 )对发动机稀燃状态 CO排放的影响很小 ,而对 HC和 NOx排放则存在一定影响。在稀薄燃烧条件下 ,滚流运动更有利于改善低速高负荷时的燃油经济性。     

汽油发动机电控系统的应用研究

汽油机电控系统，不仅具备适应发动机各种工况变化的燃油喷射控制功能，还能对电子点火，怠速转速等进行控制。且详细介绍了系统的结构，各功能的控制原理及方法，并给出较理想的试验结果。     

Influence of the oxidative/reductive treatments on Pt/CeO2 catalyst for hydrogen iodide decomposition in sulfur–iodine cycle

A Pt/CeO₂ catalyst was prepared by sol–gel method. The as-received sample was successively oxidized, reduced and re-oxidized. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and hydrogen iodide (HI) catalytic decomposition activity evaluation for the sulfur–iodine cycle. The oxidative/reductive atmosphere affected the structure and performance of the catalyst by the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). It was suggested that a migration of Ce⁴⁺ from the bulk to the surface occurred during the reductive treatment. The diffusion process was reversed when the atmosphere was changed to an oxidative one. The decoration or encapsulation of Pt by ceria support changed with the atmosphere, and affected the activity of the catalyst. At temperature below 400 °C, the reduced sample exhibited the best activity. After then the activity of the reduced and re-oxidized samples tends to be the similar, but still better than the as-received and oxidized samples. The surface and interfacial Pt⁰ sites were both considered as the effective factors. Models were constructed to describe the diffusion of Ce⁴⁺ and oxygen vacancies as well as the possible shell-core structure of Pt crystallites and the decoration/encapsulation by ceria support.