地下含水层储能和地下水源热泵系统中地下水回路与回灌技术现状

介绍了国内外有关技术发展现状及存在的一些技术和环境问题。就地质条件、回灌方式、地下水灌抽比、回扬和洗井次数等指标，比较了目前国内和荷兰的技术差异。指出解决地下水回灌的堵塞问题是地下含水层储能和地下水源热泵技术得以发展的关键。强调为避免出现地面沉降和地下水质污染等问题，必须采用回灌技术和密闭系统。对政府今后的管理工作提出了一些建议。     

Attenuation of contaminants of emerging concern during surface-spreading aquifer recharge

The attenuation of a diverse suite of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and bulk water quality changes was evaluated at a surface-spreading aquifer recharge operation across a detailed subsurface profile (9 locations), representing both short- and long-travel times (10 h to 60 days). Seventeen CECs were detected in the recharge basin and the concentrations of all were reduced during soil aquifer treatment (SAT), with 11 of the target compounds attenuated by > 80% after 60 days of travel time. Select CECs (atenolol, gemfibrozil, N,N-diethly-3-methylbenzamide, meprobamate, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, and primidone) and bulk water organic-carbon measurements (total organic carbon, biodegradable organic carbon, size-exclusion chromatography and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices) were identified as monitoring parameters that can be used to assess SAT performance at surface-spreading operations.     

娘子关泉群水文地质问题分析

针对娘子关泉群出露的地质环境,结合多年观测资料,通过对整个泉域进行水文地质调查,分析了该地区泉群的泉水动态,水化学特性,含水岩系变化情况及水动力特征等问题,得出了一些有益的结论,为促进泉水的水文地质研究提供了合理依据。     

Mechanism of gas-water flow at pore-level in aquifer gas storage

By means of the pore-level simulation, the characteristics of gas-water flow and gas-water distribution during the alternative displacement of gas and water were observed directly from etched-glass micromodel. The results show that gas-water distribution styles are divided into continuous phase type and separate phase type. The water lock exists in pore and throat during the process of gas-water displacement, and it reduces the gas flow-rate and has some effects on the recovery efficiency during the operation of gas storage. According to the experimental results of aquifer gas storage in X area, the differences in available extent among reservoirs are significant, and the availability of pore space is 33%-45%.     

不同评价方法比较研究——以天津大港区地下水有机污染评价为例

针对研究区承压含水层地下水有机污染特性,选择了石油、烃类气、阴离子合成洗涤剂、COD和BOD5项有机指标作为评价因子,采用目前比较常用的4种不同评价方法:综合指数法、模糊数学法、层次分析法和灰关联度法对研究区地下水进行有机污染评价,采用GIS技术将评价结果进行展布,并对4种不同方法评价特点和评价结果进行了分析比较.     

连续电导率剖面法在探测堆积体的应用效果

堆积体是在中国西南高山峡谷区修建水电工程中常见的不良地质体,主要由崩积或滑坡堆积物等组成,稳定性对地质营力较为敏感,天然多处于极限平衡状态,其稳定问题常是坝址选择、工程治理或地质灾害评估的重点研究对象。本文通过部分工程实例,说明采用连续电导率剖面法(EH4)在确定堆积体的规模、大小、埋深、下界面等方面的效果。     

裂隙含水层的储存调节功能评价

分析论证了基岩裂隙地下水储存调节的功能,认为凿井开发利用地下水资源,其实质主要是利用含水层的储存量及储存调节功能来保证稳定供水.含水层的储存调节功能强弱决定于其分布面积、厚度、空隙度、给水度和弹性释水系数的大小.因而不同成因类型的含水层(带)地下水的储存调节功能强弱有很大的差别,溶蚀裂隙孔隙含水层最强,层间裂隙含水层次之,脉状裂隙含水层(带)比层间裂隙含水层小1~2个数量级,风化裂隙含水层相对较差.     

Strata behavior investigation for high-intensity mining in the water-rich coal seam

This paper describes a specific case of mining in a water-rich coal seam in western China. Water inrushes, roof caving and other disasters induced by intensive mining operation could pose great threats to the safety of coal mines. The strata behavior during the high-intensity extraction in the water-rich coal seam is analyzed by employing the numerical simulation method and in situ monitoring. The results show that about 10 m ahead of the workface, the front abutment pressure peaks is at 34.13 MPa, while the peak of the side abutment pressure is located about 8 m away from the gateway with the value of 12.41 MPa; the height of the fracture zone, the first weighting step and the cycle weighting step are calculated to be 45, 50 and 20.8 m, respectively; pressure distribution in the workface is characterized by that the vertical pressure in the center occurs earlier and is stronger than those on both ends. Then, the results above are verified by in situ measurement, which may provide a basis for safe mining under similar conditions.     

Ion and water transport properties of cation exchange membranes prepared by heavy-ion-track grafting technique

ABSTRACT

For high-performance electrodialysis of saline water, cation exchange membranes (CEMs) that actively transport Na⁺ and restrict water permeation are required. In this study, we prepared novel CEMs by a heavy-ion-track grafting technique and measured their membrane resistance and water permeation flux as transport properties. The prepared nanostructured CEMs exhibited lower resistance and lower water flux than the commercial CEM. Na⁺ ions were efficiently transported through their unique one-dimensional ion channels (low resistance), while water transport was suppressed due to the very low water uptake of the CEMs. These results demonstrated the high potential of these nanostructured CEMs for use in practical saline water electrodialysis.     

改进粒子群算法在确定含水层参数中的应用

通过分析抽水试验数据,为估计含水层参数提供新的方法。在粒子多样性方面对粒子群算法进行改进,提高了算法的收敛速度和精度。将改进的粒子群优化算法应用到含水层参数估计中,计算结果与其他方法进行对比,并对不同初始值范围下参数估计值进行分析探讨。结果表明:改进粒子群算法估计结果相对误差(7.3%和4.5%)小于其他方法,且目标函数值相对更小,达到0.335×10~(-5);对于不同初始参数范围,利用此算法均能达到满意结果且寻优率高。基于抽水试验数据估计含水层参数的改进粒子群优化算法计算结果有效且可靠,算法收敛速度快,寻优能力强,稳定性好。