利用空气预热器改造低效锅炉

利用空气预热器回收低效锅炉烟气的热能，加热助燃空气，可以强化燃烧，降低灰尘污染，提高锅炉热效率，是低效锅炉技术改造行之有效的措施之一。     

烟雾颗粒沉降速度研究

分析了影响烟幕粒子沉降的因素，论述了烟幕材料沉降理论的新进展和计算模型，测试了几种不同粒度、密度的微球和鳞片烟幕粒子材料在静止大气中的沉降速度。     

地铁站台排烟模式分析

本文在分析地铁站台火灾特点、乘客疏散特点、烟气扩散规律、现行<地铁设计规范>和结合广州市公安消防局对广州地铁近年来建设过程中防排烟系统设计审查、试验的经验上,总结提出了适合地铁车站站台火灾烟气控制排除新模式,并在相关城市地铁设计中进行了推广使用.     

谈高大开放式空间火灾自动报警系统设计

高大开放式空间建筑火灾自动报警系统的设计是现代建筑电气设计的新兴和难点领域。本文结合工程实例分析了高大空间建筑火灾探测存在的烟雾分层、烟雾稀释等问题,比较了极早期火灾探测器与传统火灾探测器的优缺点。论述了高大开放式空间建筑火灾自动报警系统选用极早期空气采样探测器的合理性。     

Wind effects on smoke motion and temperature of ventilation-controlled fire in a two-vent compartment

High-rise building fire is often influenced by the ambient wind. Study concerning fire behavior in the compartment of high-rise buildings in wind environment is needed for exploring some effective methods used for evaluation of compartment fire smoke movement and control. In this paper, smoke flowing direction and temperature of ventilation-controlled fire in a two-vent compartment are studied when ambient wind blows to the vent at higher altitude. It is found that there is a critical wind speed, above which the direction of smoke movement is dominated by wind rather than by buoyancy. It is also found that ambient wind has a complex influence on smoke temperature in the compartment. When wind speed exceeds another critical value, only one steady state appears in the smoke temperature rising curve. Otherwise three steady states appear. Heat transfer through the compartment walls has great influence on the second critical wind speed.     

影响卷烟烟气柔和性的主要化学成分分析及柔和性功能香精的开发

为了提升卷烟烟气柔和性,改善卷烟抽吸品质,采用GC-MS方法,对烟丝的化学成分、卷烟烟气成分进行测定,并对它们与卷烟烟气柔和性的相关性进行分析.结果表明:①糖氮比值高的,刺激较小,烟气柔和性较好;②游离烟碱含量高,劲头大,对喉部的冲击感较强,柔和性较差;③烟叶致香成分中新植二烯和高级脂肪酸酯含量、主流烟气粒相水分与卷烟柔和性存在正相关.以此为指导,利用天然植物原料及其提取物,开发了提高卷烟烟气柔和性的功能性香精,并将其应用于卷烟产品,对比评吸结果表明,添加了柔和性功能香精的卷烟产品,柔和性得分平均提高1.5 ～2分.     

Wildfire smoke detection based on local extremal region segmentation and surveillance

A novel video-based method is proposed for long-distance wildfire smoke detection. Since the long-distance wildfire smoke usually moves slowly and lacks salient features in the video, the detection is still a challenging problem. Unlike many traditional video-based methods that usually rely on the smoke color or motion for initial smoke region segmentation, we use the Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) detection method to extract local extremal regions of the smoke. This makes the initial segmentation of possible smoke region less dependent on the motion and color information. Potential smoke regions are then selected from all the possible regions by using some static visual features of the smoke, helping to eliminate the non-smoke regions as many as possible. Once a potential smoke region is found, we keep tracking it by searching the best-matched extremal regions in the subsequent frames. At the same time, the propagating motions of the potential smoke region are monitored based on a novel cumulated region approach, which can be effectively used to identify the distinctive expanding and rising motions of smoke. This approach can also make the final smoke motion identification insensitive to image shaking. It was proved that the proposed method is able to reliably detect the long-distance wildfire smoke and simultaneously produce very few false alarms in actual applications.     

油田热采锅炉燃烧监测控制系统的研制与应用

辽河油田稠油资源非常丰富，目前稠油开采的主要方法是向地层加压注蒸汽的热采方法。因此燃气、燃油注汽锅炉的排烟热损失是影响热效率和采油成本的主要因素。在不同负荷的工况下，控制合适的过剩空气系数，把排烟热损失调整到该工况下的最小值，使锅炉的热效率达到最高。本锅炉燃烧监测控制仪就是通过监测烟气温度和氧含量，经过仪器专家系统分析计算，显示过剩空气系数和排烟热损失，作为操作人员调节燃料空气配比的依据，或与自动控制装置连接，实现进风自动控制，达到充分燃烧，起到降低燃料消耗，减少环境污染目的。该系统运行后，具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

Smoke production,radiation heat transfer and fire growth in a liquid-fuelled compartment fire

A detailed investigation is described of the interaction between fire development, smoke production and radiative exchange in a half-scale ASTM compartment in which the source is a heptane pool fire. Measurements of heat flux, fuel mass loss rate, ventilation flow rates, temperature and soot volume fraction are reported for the compartment for varying door widths. Data from the compartment are compared with open pool fire measurements using the same equipment. The confined geometry is shown to exert a strong influence on pool fire development and suggests that considerable caution is needed in employing open pool fire data as boundary conditions for CFD simulation. Numerical simulations based on the direct calculation of radiative exchange between the liquid fuel surface, the smoke-laden environment and bounding walls do reproduce the behaviour observed when combustion, soot production and radiation are modelled in detail and finely resolved spatially.     

Numerical simulations on fire spread and smoke movement in an underground car park

The Fire Dynamic Simulator code is used to investigate fire spread and smoke movement in a large underground car park under different fire scenarios. Initially, by comparing with experimental results of heat release rate of a single car fire, the development of car fire is designed by letting surface densities of the fuel over the car. Fire spread and movement of smoke are then investigated under different ventilation conditions. Simulated results show that the development of car fire in the underground car park can be classified into four stages; namely an initial stage, a developed stage, an extinction and re-burning stage and another fast-developed stage. Affected by ventilation systems, fire develops rapidly resulting in consuming most oxygen quickly followed by early extinction of the fire. After extinction of the fire, with more ambient air drawn into the car park due to ventilation, re-ignition takes place with accelerated development. In addition, detailed field distributions of temperature and velocity vectors are given. It is found that the smoke layer decent to the top of the car after 15 min and the hot smoke flows in a disorderly manner resulting in the spread of fire more rapidly.