锅炉烟尘污染及噪声污染的改进

对一例烟尘污染及噪音污染比较严重的小型锅炉进行技术改造，经过2年的运行效果良好，证明了改进旧式燃煤锅炉的烟尘污染及噪声污染是可行的。     

Results of an European inter-laboratory comparison study on the determination of the 15 + 1 EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in liquid smoke condensates

A collaborative study on the determination of the 15 + 1 EU priority PAHs in Primary Smoke Condensate (PSC) investigating the performance profile of EU Member States’ laboratories and supporting the work carried out by the European Food Safety Authority on smoke flavourings was organised. Two spiked liquid smoke condensate materials were employed in this study. The results of 25 laboratories from across the European Union, using either high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection or gas chromatography with mass selective detection, were evaluated by application of robust statistics. The assessment of the data indicated broadened Gaussian distributions for all analytes. For benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene and 5-methylchrysene more than 80% of the respective reported values gave rise to a satisfactory score of |z| ? 2. For benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene 70–80%, for the remaining analytes less than 70%, and for dibenzo[a,i]pyrene 52% of the scores were satisfactory. No systematic differences could be detected between values reported by laboratories using methods based on HPLC and the values related to methods based on GC for most of the analytes, except for benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[c]fluorene. In both cases laboratories using GC based methods reported about 50% higher values than laboratories using HPLC based methods. The overview on all z-scores sorted by laboratory revealed broad distributions and/or laboratory biases for several laboratories. An assessment of the reported method performance parameters revealed that for the two regulated compounds, BaP and BaA, only two thirds of the reported data were in compliance with Regulation (EC) 627/2006. Overall the methods used in the participating laboratories were – with ample room for improvement – well on the way to comply with European legislation.     

降低酸化油生物柴油NOx和烟度排放的试验研究

本文主要针对降低柴油机燃用酸化油生物柴油及其混合燃料的NOx、烟度排放的方法进行了试验研究。采用乙醇/生物柴油混合燃料法和推迟供油提前角两种方法在R4105T型柴油机上进行了试验。结果表明,在不影响动力性前提下燃用添加5%的乙醇的混合柴油,NOx及碳烟的排放均有明显下降。推迟供油提前角能有效的降低NOx的排放,但碳烟排放量增加,功率下降,燃料经济性变差。     

叶丝风选工艺实用性评价

为评价叶丝风选工艺对卷烟综合质量的影响,在相同条件下,分别对薄板干燥和气流干燥出口叶丝进行了采用与不采用叶丝风选工艺的对比试验。结果表明:①风选能剔除叶丝中气流干燥产生的湿团和薄板干燥产生的焦片,烟丝纯净度可提高0.2百分点以上;②风选降低了高档卷烟香气的透发性,明显改善了低档卷烟的杂气、刺激性和余味,"散花(软蓝)"感官得分提高了0.8分;风选对卷烟烟气成分的影响不显著;③风选提高了叶丝填充能力,降低卷烟单箱消耗0.1kg以上。     

铜精炼阳极转炉氧化期烟气的传热特性

根据能量平衡原理,建立烟气对铜液的传热模型,并对不同空气过剩系数下的烟气平均温度和传热强度进行计算。结果表明:随着空气过剩系数的增大,烟气平均温度和传热强度均有明显下降。为增强烟气对铜液的传热能力,必须适当地减小空气过剩系数。此外,针对燃烧室排烟温度较高的问题,提出采用余热装置回收烟气余热的合理建议。     

用补气改善公交柴油车急加速烟度研究

公交车用柴油机急加速时回涡轮增压器滞后及机械与气体的惯性影响,造成进气量不足,排气烟度恶化。作者试图通过公交车上的压缩空气系统,对涡轮增压器实施补气和加速的途径来改善柴油机的加速冒黑烟问题。探讨了在公交车上采用空气补气的方案,在D6114柴油机上分别作了补气和不补气对柴油机性能影响的试验,并探讨了影响补气效果的因素。试验证明,这是一种比较经济而有效的方案。     

国外军用发烟器材发展现状与趋势

叙述了国外军用发烟器材的发展历史，现状以及发展趋势。     

烟雾颗粒沉降速度研究

分析了影响烟幕粒子沉降的因素，论述了烟幕材料沉降理论的新进展和计算模型，测试了几种不同粒度、密度的微球和鳞片烟幕粒子材料在静止大气中的沉降速度。     

膨胀石墨烟幕发生装置烟流颗粒运动规律与试验研究

针对膨胀石墨设计了一种简易烟幕发生装置,该装置利用烟火药燃烧时释放出的热量使可膨胀石墨膨化并分散于空中,形成膨胀石墨干扰烟幕。基于该装置建立了烟流颗粒(膨胀石墨颗粒)扩散规律的理论计算模型,对烟幕发生剂反应参数与烟流颗粒运动规律进行计算,得到烟流颗粒的运动方程。同时,对该装置进行了试验研究,并通过高速摄影记录烟流颗粒运动规律,试验结果表明烟流颗粒理论运动规律与试验结果相符,能够描述烟流颗粒的运动规律。