Enzyme and high pressure assisted extraction of carotenoids from tomato waste

Enzyme (EA) and high pressure (HP) assisted extraction of carotenoids, especially lycopene, from tomato waste using various organic solvents was examined. Total carotenoid and lycopene extraction yields were increased by the use of pectinase and cellulase enzymes, when compared to the non enzyme treated solvent extraction process. The increase of extraction yield depended on the solvent. Maximum total carotenoid (127 mg/kg d.w.) and lycopene (89.4 mg/kg d.w.) extraction yields were obtained in enzyme treated samples extracted with ethyl lactate (solvent:solid = 10:1 mL:g), corresponding to almost 6-fold and 10-fold increase, respectively, with respect to non enzyme treated samples. HP assisted extraction led to higher extraction yields (from 2 to 64% increase depending on the solvent used) compared to conventional solvent extraction process performed at ambient pressure for 30 min. HP assisted solvent extraction was successfully performed at 700 MPa by using significantly (P < 0.05) lower ratios of solvent:solid (6:1 and 4:1 mL:g) and reduced processing time (10 min), compared to solvent extraction performed at ambient pressure, solvent:solid ratio 10:1 mL:g and 30 min extraction time.     

溶剂法回收废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料

根据溶解度参数原则筛选溶解废旧聚苯乙(烯PS)泡沫塑料的溶剂。结果表明:醋酸正丁酯和二甲苯以体积比1:2形成的复合溶剂效果较好,在40℃时,废旧PS泡沫塑料的溶解度可达0.82g/ml。采用正庚烷作为溶剂回收过程的沉淀剂能够回收得到90%以上的PS原料。同时,对废旧PS泡沫塑料的热稳定性及其溶解前后的化学结构分别进行了TGA和FTIR表征。结果表明:该回收过程仅仅是溶解消泡,并没有发生解聚反应且,无溶剂残留。最后利,用黏度法测定回收后的PS黏均分子量约为2.815×105。     

Fabrication of powder components with internal channels by spark plasma sintering and additive manufacturing

A novel method of producing complex ceramic and metallic parts with designed internal channels is developed. The method utilizes a combination of the additive manufacturing technique of solvent jetting and spark plasma sintering (SPS.) The developed manufacturing approach brings benefits in producing complex shapes with internal channels. Along with geometric customization of the 3D printed mold, a major advantage of this method is the removal of the need for a long debinding process, usually necessary with other 3D printing methods, by using the SPS. High density ceramic and metallic complex parts with internal channels were successfully produced with close to theoretical densities. The conducted studies include the development of a model that can predict the evolution and/or distortions of the complex-shaped powder assembly during the sintering process. The model is based on the continuum theory of sintering formulations embedded in a finite element code.     

论浸出油厂安全生产和消防

讨论了浸出油厂火灾的特点、溶剂的易爆性及溢出途径，指出了主要火灾是电气火灾和溶剂爆炸，因此，在建厂规划设计时就要考虑消防，日常操作中以防为主，正确使用消防器材，保证安全生产和减少财产损失。     

Solvent extraction of molybdenum from acidic leach solution of Ni–Mo ore

A P204(D2EHPA) diluted with sulfonated kerosene was used for the selective extraction of molybdenum from an acidic Ni–Mo ore leach solution that was reduced using sodium thiosulfate. The results indicate that P204(D2EHPA) is an effective extractant for the extraction of molybdenum. The extraction of Mo is more than 90 % at pH of 0.5, contact time of 10 min, and organic-toaqueous phase(O/A) ratio of 1:1 with 10 vol% P204(D2EHPA). Molybdenum in the loaded organic phase can be effectively stripped with ammonium acid carbonate solution, and the stripping of molybdenum with 60 g L-1 ammonium acid carbonate solution is 94.67 % at O/A ratio of 2:1 and contact time of 10 min.     

Effects of Drying and Extraction Methods on the Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Berries and Leaves

Sea buckthorn is a promising source of bioactive compounds. However, there is limited information on the effect of post harvest drying and extraction of sea buckthorn on its antioxidant capacity. The effect of freeze, air, and solar dryingon the extraction yield of sea buckthorn berries and leaves was evaluated with respect to their bioactive content. Sequential extraction with solvents of different polarity and solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction were applied. Freeze-drying has better performance in the berries’ extracts, while air-drying has better performance in the leaves’ extracts. All data were analyzed by Multi Factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's post-hoc tests at a level of α = .05. Although the extraction yield in the sequential extraction of sea buckthorn berries is significantly better, the leaves’ extracts exhibit superior radical scavenging ability. Accelerated solar drying appears to preserve sea buckthorn leaves without degrading their antioxidant content. The components responsible for the high antioxidant activity of leaves’ extracts were found to be several flavonoids and polyphenols. The extract obtained by the microwave extraction of fresh berries exhibits moderate antioxidant activity compared to the polar extracts of freeze-dried berries.     

P204萃取分离锑铁工艺研究

萃取分离锑铁是脆硫锑铅矿矿浆电解工艺过程的一个环节。P2 0 4可选择性地在NH4 Cl介质溶液中萃取铁。在 35 %(体积百分数 )P2 0 4、相比 (O/A) 1∶1、3级连续逆流萃取条件下 ,铁萃取率达 80 %～ 84%,锑、银基本不被萃取。含Fe总 1～ 1 4g/L的萃余液可返回矿浆电解循环使用。     

Differentiation of Mechanically and Chemically Extracted Hazelnut Oils Based on their Sterol and Wax Profiles

The sterol and wax content of solvent extracted (SEHO) and cold pressed hazelnut oils (CPHO) were compared. A total of 48 samples from 19 hazelnut varieties were collected for two successive crop years from four different geographical districts in Turkey. Hazelnuts were processed to oil with a laboratory scale press, than the remaining oil in cake was extracted with n‐hexane. CPHO and SEHO were evaluated for their wax, sterol and squalene contents. Results showed that sterol, squalene and wax contents of all individual cultivars were higher in SEHO than those of CPHO, indicating the higher solubility of these compounds in solvent. Total sterol contents ranged between 1088.56 (Kargalak)—1609.39 mg/kg (Mincane) for CPHO and 1590.86 (Çak?ldak)—2897.26 mg/kg (Mincane) for SEHO. Hazelnut oils were found to be richer of C36‐38 esters than C40‐46 group. Total wax content was between 24.19 (Kargalak)—94.58 mg/kg (Ku?) for CPHO and 81.46 (Kargalak)—160.92 mg/kg (Akçakoca) for SEHO. The squalene amounts of the samples obtained by hexane extraction were between 499.75 (Allahverdi)—885.36 mg/kg (Cavcava), while it varied between 288.55 (Kargalak)—647.68 mg/kg (Mincane) in cold pressed oils. Significant and obvious variations between SEHO and CPHO were verified by principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis. Geographical discrimination was also achieved by discriminant analysis.     

功能化磁性微球对溶剂绿7的吸附性能研究

为了有效地去除工业染料废水中的有机染料,本文以水热合成法制备出Fe3O4纳米微球,并将其表面包覆功能化外壳,得到新型的磁性吸附剂.并详细讨论了温度、浓度、pH等因素对染料吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,吸附剂对溶剂绿7具有较好的吸附能力,随着染料浓度的增大,吸附量显著增大,溶液的温度升高,吸附量降低;较低的pH有助于吸附作用的发生,当pH=2时,脱色率达到95%.鉴于此新型磁性吸附剂良好的吸附性能及低廉的制备成本,很有潜力应用于工业印染废水的脱色处理中.     

石油渣油制备针状焦研究--中间馏分热反应研究

石油渣油的组成复杂,分子量分布宽,直接焦化不能生产针状焦。采用一定的预处理技术将渣油中适宜制备针状焦的组分保留,可获得理想的焦化原料。通过以辽河减压渣油为原料,经溶剂萃取对渣油进行"掐头去尾"处理,获得了分子量分布窄、杂质含量少的中间馏分A及馏分B。对馏分A、B分别进行热反应研究,结果表明:渣油的预处理效果明显,中间馏分热反应产物具有光学各向异性物含量高、取向性好等特点,是制备针状焦的理想原料。