异国风情园中的建筑设计——以瑞丽弄莫湖湿地公园为例

休闲度假渐渐成为当今社会生活的重要组成部分,东南亚各国独特的景观风格受到各国人民的喜爱,不仅使其成为理想的度假胜地,而且东南亚各国的建筑和景观也在世界各地不断涌现。瑞丽作为中国面向东南亚的重要口岸,无论是地理气候条件还是区位条件都适合建立一个以东南亚风格为主的公园,应运而生的瑞丽弄莫湖湿地公园设计了多个独立又相互联系的子园来分别展现各国的风格。在系统分析东南亚各国地理、文化、政治、经济等因素的基础上,结合各国的差异,从民居、宗教建筑和皇家建筑中挖掘出代表性元素,设计了各子园的主体建筑,充分展现了东南亚各国的景观风格在设计中的应用。     

Study of atmospheric mercury budget in East Asia using STEM-Hg modeling system

East Asia is the largest source region of global anthropogenic mercury emissions, and contributes to atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition in other regions. Similarly, mercury from the global pool also plays a role in the chemical transport of mercury in East Asia. Annual simulations of atmospheric mercury in East Asia were performed using the STEM-Hg modeling system to study the mass budgets of mercury in the region. The model results showed strong seasonal variation in mercury concentration and deposition, with signals from large point sources. The annual mean concentrations for gaseous elemental mercury, reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury in central China and eastern coastal areas were 1.8 ng m^− 3, 100 pg m^− 3 and 150 pg m^− 3, respectively. Boundary conditions had a strong influence on the simulated mercury concentration and deposition, contributing to 80% of the concentration and 70% of the deposition predicted by the model. The rest was caused by the regional emissions before they were transported out of the model domain. Using different oxidation rates reported for the Hg⁰-O₃ reaction (i.e., by Hall, 1995 vs. by Pal and Ariya, 2004) led to a 9% difference in the predicted mean concentration and a 40% difference in the predicted mean deposition. The estimated annual dry and wet deposition for East Asia in 2001 was in the range of 590-735 Mg and 482-696 Mg, respectively. The mercury mass outflow caused by the emissions in the domain was estimated to be 681-714 Mg yr^− 1. This constituted 70% of the total mercury emission in the domain. The greatest outflow occurred in spring and early summer.     

以“环境”和“亚洲”为关键词,推进可持续发展的住宅·城市建设

北九州市所制定的发展战略是:治理过去的公害,有效利用生态城等相关环境技术,支援经济发展中的亚洲各国低碳化努力,同时自身也得以发展。为此,北九州市在创建可持续发展的住宅和城市时,建设以"环境"和"亚洲"为关键词的"零碳先进街区",同时也切实着手解决人口减少、少子老龄化等地区固有的问题。     

浅析东南亚风情园林在杭州住宅中的应用

近年来,独具特色的东南亚风情园林广泛应用在杭州住宅的开发中,营造出自然、休闲浪漫的居住氛围.通过介绍东南亚景观特色及构成要素,分析其在杭州住宅应用中的案例,指出存在的问题并提出参考建议.     

商汤文化对晋东南宋金祭祀建筑的影响——以下交汤帝庙为例

该文从建筑和文化的视角出发,以山西省阳城县下交汤帝庙为例,研究商汤文化以及由此产生的其他文化因素在晋东南宋金祭祀建筑的建立和发展中的作用,从而更好地认识建筑与文化的相互依存性,在保护古建筑的同时也保护好其地域文化。     

Acid Rain And Its Mitigation In Asia

Recent industrial developments in Asia have raised concerns about actual and potential acidification in the region. Over the last ten years, the presence of acid rain has been identified at numerous sites in Asia. The mitigation strategy being very comprehensive in Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong, seems insufficient in other countries which are the major polluters in the Asian domain, like China, India and Thailand. It is difficult to make reliable predictions about the future incidence of acid rain in East and Southeast Asia due to the unpredictable economic situation.     

Impact of population and latrines on fecal contamination of ponds in rural Bangladesh

A majority of households in Bangladesh rely on pond water for hygiene. Exposure to pond water fecal contamination could therefore still contribute to diarrheal disease despite the installation of numerous tubewells for drinking. The objectives of this study are to determine the predominant sources (human or livestock) of fecal pollution in ponds and examine the association between local population, latrine density, latrine quality and concentrations of fecal bacteria and pathogens in pond water. Forty-three ponds were analyzed for E. coli using culture-based methods and E. coli, Bacteroidales and adenovirus using quantitative PCR. Population and sanitation spatial data were collected and measured against pond fecal contamination. Humans were the dominant source of fecal contamination in 79% of the ponds according to Bacteroidales measurements. Ponds directly receiving latrine effluent had the highest concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (up to 10⁶ Most Probable Number (MPN) of culturable E. coli per 100 mL). Concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria correlated with population surveyed within a distance of 30-70 m (p < 0.05) and total latrines surveyed within 50-70 m (p < 0.05). Unsanitary latrines (visible effluent or open pits) within the pond drainage basin were also significantly correlated to fecal indicator concentrations (p < 0.05). Water in the vast majority of the surveyed ponds contained unsafe levels of fecal contamination attributable primarily to unsanitary latrines, and to lesser extent, to sanitary latrines and cattle. Since the majority of fecal pollution is derived from human waste, continued use of pond water could help explain the persistence of diarrheal disease in rural South Asia.     

琼北民居近代“南洋风”的成因及衍变初探

近代＂南洋风＂是南洋地区被西方殖民后西方建筑风格与南洋本土文化融合后形成的一种新的建筑风格。琼北近代民居中大量受＂南洋风＂影响的建筑,是大批下南洋的琼侨回乡建设时主动引进的,这种风格并没有影响到琼北民居的基本格局,却显著提高了琼北民居的艺术品质,成为海南独具魅力的特色风貌和优雅标志。     

Spatial characteristics of the difference between MISR and MODIS aerosol optical depth retrievals over mainland Southeast Asia

The difference between aerosol optical depths (AODs) retrieved from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is examined over mainland Southeast Asia from a spatial perspective. Though ideally the difference between these measurement methods should be small and randomly distributed over space, our analysis suggests that this difference has a strong negative relationship with MODIS AODs and tend to be spatially clustered. We quantify the spatial dependence in MISR/MODIS AOD differences and explore the extent to which the spatial patterns in these differences can be explained by variables that reflect the influence of physical environment and human activities. While these variables show a strong relationship with MISR/MODIS AOD differences, the results also suggest that further research is needed to fully understand the spatial dependence in these differences.