论渝东南民族地区城镇化进程中的人口流动

认为人口流动对渝东南民族地区城镇化进程具有举足轻重的影响.分析了渝东南民族地区城镇化进程中人口流动状况及原因,提出了相应的措施.     

亚洲地区高等教育中城市设计专业教育及启示

中国城市设计行业存在专门人才不足的现象,因此,加强对国外相关教育现状的认识将有助于国内业界学科教育的发展和实践。文章对亚洲高等教育中城市设计学科的发展概况进行了介绍和分析,结合QS学科专业排行榜等,重点选取了三所具代表性的亚洲高校作为案例分析,对其学科的发展现状,包括专业设置、教育目标、课程内容等要点进行解析,以期对国内城市设计专业的设置和培养方案设计有所指导。     

亚洲电力改革：孰是孰非？

在过去的 1 0多年间 ,风靡全球的电力工业改革采用了多种不同的形式 ,包括私有化、私人机构的参与、垂直和水平的拆分、公司化重组以及在发电和零售侧引入竞争等。文中首先论述了全球的经济和技术环境及其对电力工业改革、尤其是亚洲发展中国家的电力工业改革的影响 ,之后着重论述了亚洲国家的电力工业改革过程中应该特别注意的问题 ,以及与西方国家的主要区别。在此基础上 ,讨论了输配电系统的特性 ,以及私人机构参与电力工业发展的可能的方式 ,指出在某些国家所进行的将整个电力工业私有化的做法总的来讲不适合于亚洲发展中国家。对于亚洲发展中国家 ,重点在于吸引投资而非将所有电力资产私有化 ,其输电系统仍然应该由政府代表公众所有。对于配电系统 ,可以允许私人机构采用专营权的方式参与运行管理。最后对现货市场中应该采用按“统一切除价”还是按发电公司自己的报价结算这一广为关注的问题进行了讨论。     

Analyzing Asian Infrastructure Development Privatization Market

Concession agreement is one of the infrastructure privatization models. In Asia, the rise of concession projects began in the 1980s, and the number of such projects continues to grow. This research provides an overview and detailed analysis of the Asian concession market. Eighty-seven concession projects awarded between 1985 and 1998 covering 12 Asian countries were examined. Findings show that Asia has been implementing concession models actively in response to the high demand of infrastructure development in the power, transportation, and water sectors. Approximately 30% of the total concession projects had disappointing performances resulting in financial loss, cancellation, delay, and suspension of the project.     

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川东南地区二叠系阳新统断层发育。断层在形成、发展中因侧向效应、末端效应和交汇效应所形成的裂缝对阳新统气藏的形成起着重要的作用。针对这一问题,本文在明确断层效应的概念和类型之后,着重对三种断层效应与阳新统的裂缝发育和天然气富集的关系进行了讨论。     

Designing water institutions: Market failures and institutional response

Efficient resource use is increasingly central to the economic well being of individual regions and countries. Institutional arrangements set the ground rules for resource use. At best, institutions facilitate achievement of economic and social goals. At worst, they establish impediments to efficient resource use and significant resources must be expended by individuals to compensate for their obsolete or poor design.In general, efficient water use requires a secure and flexible system of water rights. In the first regard, the peculiar physical characteristics of water resources pose special challenges for institutional design. Water resources are prone to market failures that must be addressed by institutions in order to yield efficient allocation and use. A section of the paper is devoted to presenting institutional approaches to establishing security in water use. Proportionality, prioritized rights and licenses are discussed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages.Concerning flexibility, water allocations must change in response to changing physical and economic circumstances. In the context of drought, administrative rationing, priority and drought water options are analyzed. For demand based transfers, a full range of institutional options are considered, from a complete ban on transfers to no restriction, including market and administratively based transfers. The special issues of infrastructure, transactions costs, and secondary impacts are also discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning how the mix of institutional arrangements affects incentives guiding water use.     

东亚金融危机与东西方文明的冲突

从1997年泰铢急剧贬值开始,东亚国家被卷入了一场前所未有的金融危机之中。东亚金融危机的成因是复杂的。就此从文明的角度,对东亚国家不同于西方文明的文明因素对金融危机产生的成因及其推波助澜的作用进行了分析论述。     

Detection of Asia dust storms using multisensor satellite measurements

Observations from visible, infrared and microwave satellite instruments are integrated to detect dust storm over northwestern China. Microwave measurements are used to detect the dust storm underneath ice clouds, while visible and infrared measurements are utilized for delineating the cloud-free dust systems. Detection is based on microwave polarized brightness temperature differences (ΔT_b = T_bv − T_bh) among two channels of 89 GHz and 23.8 GHz and infrared brightness temperature difference (BTD) between channels at 11 and 12 μm. It is shown that the integrated approach is better than the method solely based on infrared BTD in storm detection, especially for those dust systems covered by ice clouds. This approach is applied for the Asia dust storms cases using the data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) onboard Aqua satellite.     

Mechanisation of small-scale farms in South Asia: Empirical evidence derived from farm households survey

In the agricultural sector, labour shortage, and increase in wages resulting from out-migration, and the necessity to employ sustainable intensification practices to minimise the use of inputs such as water, fertilizer, and energy, calls for investment in the mechanisation of small-scale farms in South Asia (SA). Therefore, this study investigates the mechanisation process undertaken in SA with a special reference to India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, where agriculture, an important source of rural livelihoods, is adversely affected by out-migration and the depletion of natural resources. This study finds that tractors (74%), pumps (72%), threshers (65%), harvesters (23%), and power tillers (16%) are the predominantly used farm machinery in SA. Farm mechanisation is most widespread in India, followed by Nepal and Bangladesh, though the types of machinery used vary across them. Multivariate probit model shows that male headship, access to credit and extension services, economic status, and training positively influence farm mechanisation. Hence, along with enhanced provision for credit and training, an agricultural policy that aims to improve access to farm machinery should target marginalised and poor farmers to sustain agricultural production and ensure food security.     

浅论东亚漆艺文化交流

漆艺文化是最能体现东亚文化特质的样式之一。从古至今,东亚的漆艺文化交流源源不绝。本文以中国为视角,考察东亚漆艺文化发展和交流的历史,将其划分为三个历史阶段。提出阶段划分的主要依据,并对每个阶段状况作以概述,在此基础上总结出东亚漆艺文化交流的历史特点。