Synergistic effect of noble metal doping and composite formation to boost the electrochemical properties of vanadium pentoxide

Herein, a hydrothermal method was used for the synthesis of V₂O₅ nanowires (NWs) and Ag-doped V₂O₅. The prepared doped material was intercalated in MXene for the preparation of an Ag-doped V₂O₅/MXene nanocomposite using a facile ultrasonication method. For structural and morphological confirmation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used. Additionally, for electrochemical measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV), cyclic-charge discharge (CCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed. To avoid the restacking of Al-etched layers of MXene, Ag–V₂O₅ nanowires were intercalated. This strategy ultimately increases the conductive channels, which helps in boosting the electrochemical properties of Ag–V₂O₅ nanowires. To fabricate electrodes, indium tin oxide (ITO) was used as a substrate. As prepared, the Ag-doped V₂O₅/MXene@ITO electrode showed a significant increase in the specific capacity. For the Ag-doped V₂O₅/MXene@ITO electrode, the calculated specific capacitance was 875 F/g (at 1 A/g) using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) data. Also, it lost 6.1% of capacitance after the 3000th cycle. Results suggest that as-synthesized Ag–V₂O₅/MXene nanocomposite is a potential electrode material for energy storage.     

A data-based photonuclear simulation algorithm for determining specific activity of medical radioisotopes

For simulating more accurately neutron or proton production from photonuclear reactions,a data-based photonuclear reaction simulation algorithm has been developed.Reliable photonuclear cross sections from evaluated or experimental database are chosen as input data.For checking the validity of the use of the data-based photonuclear algorithm,benchmarking simulations are presented in detail.We calculate photonuclear cross sections or reaction yield for ~9Be,~(48)Ti,~(133)Cs,and ~(197)Au and compare them with experimental data in the region of incident photon energy below ~30 MeV.While Geant4 can hardly reproduce photonuclear experimental data,results obtained from the data-based photonuclear algorithm are found in good agreement with experimental measurements.Potential application in estimation of specific activity of radioisotopes is further discussed.We conclude that the developed data-based photonuclear algorithm is suitable for an accurate prediction of photoninduced neutron or proton productions.     

Calcium dosing for the simultaneous control of biomass retention and the enhancement of fermentative biohydrogen production in an innovative fixed-film bioreactor

Biohydrogen (bioH₂) production via dark fermentation is an attractive approach to overcome the drawbacks of conventional hydrogen production methods and represents a preliminary alternative for the management of organic wastes. Fundamental studies are still required to enhance the performance of bioH₂ production systems, with emphasis on the development of novel reactor configurations. The anaerobic structured-bed reactor (ASTBR) is a recently developed configuration with great potential for bioH₂ production, although operating strategies are still required to minimize biomass washout in such systems. In this context, calcium dosing has been investigated as a strategy to enhance both biomass retention and bioH₂ production rates in the ASTBR. The present study employed varying COD/calcium ratios (4423, 2079, 1357, 1012, 884, and 632) in continuous experiments under mesophilic conditions (25 °C). Calcium dosing effectively enhanced biomass retention within the ASTBR, directly increasing the availability of metabolic energy for different metabolic pathways rather than cell synthesis. An optimal COD/calcium ratio of 1360 was mathematically estimated for bioH₂ production, which is consistent with the results obtained experimentally. The specific organic loading rate (SOLR) was better controlled at this ratio, indicating the establishment of balanced conditions in terms of substrate availability and biomass concentration. Conversely, bioH₂ production was severely impaired at COD/calcium values below and above the optimal range, most likely due to enhancement of the homoacetogenic pathway as a result of unbalanced conditions in the SOLR. Furthermore, biomass accumulation did not strongly affect the mean residence time of the ASTBR, facilitating its robust and enhanced solid retention.     

织构型水润滑推力轴承软弹流润滑分析及多目标协同优化

目的 提高以水作为润滑介质的织构型非金属推力轴承的润滑性能,为水润滑推力轴承的优化设计提供参考.方法 基于计算流体力学方法建立织构型水润滑推力轴承的流体动压润滑模型,采用双向流固耦合方法计算润滑流场与材料变形之间的相互作用.随后,以承载力最高和摩擦力最低为目标,采用响应曲面与非支配排序遗传算法相结合的多目标协同优化方法,对4种非金属材料的织构型推力轴承进行优化.结果 随着轴承材料弹性模量的降低,轴承内最高压力值逐渐降低,最大变形逐渐增加,且最优织构覆盖率值逐渐减小.当织构覆盖率为20％时,轴承材料对最优织构深度值无明显影响;当织构覆盖率增至40％及以上时,随着轴承材料弹性模量的降低,最优织构深度值逐渐增加.在同一轴承材料下,最优织构参数之间相互影响,随着织构覆盖率的增加,最优织构深度值逐渐增大.对于碳化硅陶瓷和尼龙等弹性模量较大的轴承材料,优化后,轴承内流体最高压力明显提升;对于超高分子量聚乙烯和赛龙等弹性模量较小的轴承材料,优化后,高压区面积明显增大.结论 轴承材料对轴承润滑性能及最优织构参数均有明显影响,且最优织构参数间相互影响.经过对织构型水润滑推力轴承的多目标协同优化,轴承润滑性能明显改善.     

大功率直线感应电动机推力脉动研究

直线电机边端效应是由定子铁心、次级开断所致的固有效应,该效应会引起电机电磁推力的不同频率的脉动。本文首先基于电磁推力公式对边端效应所致的推力脉动频率进行了理论分析。然后利用一维磁路法对动态纵向边端效应引起的次级感应涡流沿轴向的分布规律进行了理论分析和解析计算,根据次级感应涡流进而计算得到了动态纵向边端效应引起的转差频率两倍频推力脉动幅值的解析表达式,并得到了推力脉动幅值和不考虑边端效应时的电磁推力值的比例关系,最后通过峰值功率20 MW,最大出力900 k N的大功率直线感应电动机实验系统对分析结论进行了试验验证。理论分析和试验结果表明:计及边端效应时直线电机电磁推力存在供电频率两倍频和转差频率两倍频的脉动,其中转差频率两倍频的脉动由动态纵向边端效应导致,主要和次级极数以及转差频率有关。     

一种最小机械比能计算参数优化的方法

机械比能是衡量钻井效率的重要因素之一,它用来衡量钻头破碎单位体积岩石耗能大小[1]。传统的比能计算模型通过多个参数进行计算来求得比能值,较为复杂。文章通过利用比能计算模型中参数之间的关系,假设并通过Matlab拟合验证参数之间关系的函数方程,将原有的模型化简为只拥有钻压一个计算参量的新计算模型。通过求解新模型一阶导数的零点,求得最优钻压值,并以此求得最小机械比能,最终确定最佳钻井参数。     

提高大型高精立式机床精度保持性的新型转台技术研究

针对国内生产的高速、高精大型立式机床以及车铣复合机床等高档数控机床迫切需要提高精度保持性的重大需求,开发一种能提高大型高精立式机床精度保持性的数控回转工作台。该回转工作台采用一套精密推力向心组合圆锥滚子轴承,取消了传统结构中的主轴及其复杂的轴承支承系统。推力向心组合圆锥滚子轴承的底圈和上圈都安装在同一个轴台上,实现了上圈、底圈与轴台无间隙的紧配合,消除了轴承所有套圈和它们配合件之间的间隙,并能实现过盈配合,很大程度上提高了机床的精度保持性。     

3D Two-way coupled TEHD analysis on the lubricating characteristics of thrust bearings in pump-turbine units by combining CFD and FEA

The thermal elastic hydro dynamic(TEHD) lubrication analysis for the thrust bearing is usually conducted by combining Reynolds equation with finite element analysis(FEA). But it is still a problem to conduct the computation by combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and FEA which can simulate the TEHD more accurately. In this paper, by using both direct and separate coupled solutions together, steady TEHD lubrication considering the viscosity-temperature effect for a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pump-turbine unit is simulated combining a 3D CFD model for the oil film with a 3D FEA model for the pad and mirror plate. Cyclic symmetry condition is used in the oil film flow as more reasonable boundary conditions which avoids the oil temperature assumption at the leading and trailing edge. Deformations of the pad and mirror plate are predicted and discussed as well as the distributions of oil film thickness, pressure, temperature. The predicted temperature shows good agreement with measurements, while the pressure shows a reasonable distribution comparing with previous studies. Further analysis of the three-coupled-field reveals the reason of the high pressure and high temperature generated in the film. Finally, the influence of rotational speed of the mirror plate on the lubrication characteristics is illustrated which shows the thrust load should be balanced against the oil film temperature and pressure in optimized designs. This research proposes a thrust bearing computation method by combining CFD and FEA which can do the TEHD analysis more accurately.     

穿孔机顶杆循环装置液压控制系统的研究

设计穿孔机区域顶杆循环装置中顶杆小车油缸控制系统,对长行程高速重载液压系统油缸的速度、加速度、两腔液压力进行分析,对该类液压控制系统的运行机制、控制策略进行研究,进行了理论计算、仿真分析和实测验证,为类似工况液压控制系统的研究提供参考。     

A Novel Series of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys Ti_2ZrHf_(0.5)VNb_x with High Specific Yield Strength and Good Ductility

A series of Ti_2ZrHf_(0.5)VNb_x( x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) refractory high-entropy alloys were prepared to investigate the alloying effect of Nb on the microstructures and mechanical properties.All the alloys displayed a simple BCC structure.The microstructures of the alloys changed from the initial single-phase columnar structure( x = 0) to dendrite microstructure( x 0).At room temperature, all the alloys exhibited high ductility(with the compressive strains of more than 50%).With the increase in Nb content, the yield strength slightly decreased from 1160 to 980 MPa and the hardness dropped from 338 to 310 HV.Moreover, the alloys exhibited low density from 6.47 to 6.84 g/cm~3 and high specific yield strength(SYS) from 143 to 179 kPa m~3/kg.The comprehensive performance of ductility and SYS was superior to most of the reported highentropy alloys.The yield strength of the alloys increased from 405 to 859 MPa and from 85 to 195 MPa with the addition of Nb element at 873 K and 1073 K, respectively.