主要根茎类作物淀粉特性研究

采用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射和粘度测定等方法对甘薯、马铃薯和芋艿3种我国主要根茎作物淀粉的理化特性和糊化特性进行了研究,以便为其有效利用提供理论依据.结果表明:这3种根茎作物淀粉粒均有圆形、椭圆形和不规则多边形的形状,淀粉粒大小、分布、表面结构、晶体特性、淀粉成分和糊化特性作物间存在显著差异,而作物品种间差异较小.     

高吸水性树脂在工业中的应用研究

高吸水性树脂经过检测，结果证明其无毒无菌，对人体无害，将高吸水性树脂应用一主油田钻井泥浆等工业领域的试验，已取得了满意的结果。     

乳化剂与小麦淀粉的相互作用探析

乳化剂可以与面粉中直链淀粉作用生成疏水性螺旋胶 ,这种作用受到许多因素的影响。乳化剂与面粉中淀粉的作用可以大大改善面包的质量。     

无载体淀粉胶粘剂的研制

论述了无载体淀粉胶粘剂的研制原理、方法及技术特点。并研究了在不同反应条件下的各种影响因素。指出无载体淀粉胶粘剂是一种各方面性能都较理想的、适于生产瓦楞纸板的新型淀粉胶粘剂。     

Residual effect of atomised water vapour treatment on carbohydrate metabolism during ripening of cv “Fino de Jete” cherimoya fruit

Atomised hot water vapour at between 46 and 54 °C for 60 min was tested as a method of delaying ripening and extending shelf life in cv “Fino de Jete” cherimoya fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.). Heat treatment at 46 °C stimulated the respiration rate and starch degradation, induced ethylene production, increased the accumulation of soluble sugars and α-amylase activity, and moved the onset of ethylene production (OEP) forward. Treatment at 50 °C, and especially at 52 °C, delayed the climacteric peak and the OEP, decreased sugar and organic acid accumulation, and reduced α-amylase and invertase activity. The results obtained indicate that temperatures higher than 48 °C slowed physiological processes and carbohydrate metabolism and extend the shelf life of the cherimoya fruits, while temperatures higher than 52 °C blocked ripening irreversibly.     

Characterization of new starches separated from different Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) cultivars

The starches separated from four different Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cultivars were investigated for morphological, thermal, crystal, and physicochemical properties, such as amylose content, swelling power, solubility and water-binding capacity properties. Amylose content of D. oppositastarches from different cultivars ranged from 20.74% to 25.94%. The shape of starch granules separated from different D. opposita Thunb. cultivars varied from round to oval or elliptic. The mean particle diameter of starches ranged from 23.39 to 26.87 μm. The transition temperatures (T_o, T_p and T_c) and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH_gel) were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). T_o, T_p and T_c varied from 73.6 to 74.8, 78.8 to 81.0, and 83.3 to 87.2 °C, respectively. D. opposita cv. Jinchengerhao starch showed the highest ΔH_gel values (12.48 J/g) while D. opposita cv. Baiyu starch showed the lowest values (8.413 J/g). The crystal type of starches separated from different D. opposita cultivars was a typical C_B-type pattern. The degrees of crystallinity of the four D. opposita cultivars starches were about 50.52%, 32.99%, 33.57% and 36.16%, respectively.     

高取代度羧甲基淀粉醚的制备

通过正交设计的合成试验对影响羧甲基淀粉醚取代度的各因素及它们的交互作用进行了考察,通过方差分析检验它们的显著性,研究了各因素影响淀粉羧甲基化反应的机理。在所确立的最佳反应条件下一次醚化能制备取代度高达1.70的羧甲基淀粉醚。对高取代淀粉醚作为钻井泥浆降失水剂的性能进行了初步评价。     

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH BY USING A SONIFIER

In the present study, the ultrasonication method was used to investigate the effect of ultrasonic energy on the hydrolysis of corn, rice, and wheat starch by using the alpha-amylase enzymes produced by Bacillus species and Bacillus licheniformis. The effects of sonifier operation variables such as duty cycle and acoustic power rate on the stability of alpha-amylase enzymes and hydrolysis degrees of three types of starches were investigated at a temperature of 40°C and pH 6.5. To determine the effect of temperature with sonication on the hydrolysis process, wheat starch hydrolysis experiments were also carried out at a temperature of 50°C. Then, the relation between duty cycle and enzyme stability during hydrolysis for each enzyme at 50°C was expressed by a zero-order inactivation model.     

Effect of Time-Dependent Humidity Profiles from Air to Superheated Steam on Drying of a Wetted Starch Sphere

The effects of air humidity when drying with superheated steam (SHS) were examined considering displacement by SHS. A wetted raw starch sphere (ball) was used as the model material. It was found that the humidity profile strongly affects the mass change and properties of the products. The material became porous when it was dried with pure SHS from start to finish, which differs both from products dried with high-humidity air alone, and from products dried with air followed by SHS within a few minutes. A prediction method for adiabatic saturation temperature over a wide range of humidity is also proposed.     

淀粉双酶传感器的研制

报导了一种测定淀粉的酶生物传感器法，它具有检测速度快、灵敏度高、操作简便、且样品需要量少等优点。酶生物传感器是由固定化的ＧＯＤ、ＧＡ酶膜和氧电极组成，测试的最佳条件为温度３０℃，ｐＨ＝４．４，０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ醋酸缓冲液，响应时间２ｍｉｎ。该法的精密度、准确度均良好，线性范围０．０５％～０．８％。