Neural networks for estimating the tool path length in concurrent engineering applications

This paper deals with the development of a neural computing system that can predict the cutting tool path length for milling an arbitrary pocket defined within the domain of a product design, in a computer numerically controlled (CNC) setting. Existing computer aided design and manufacturing systems (CAD/CAM) consume significant amounts of time in terms of data entry pertaining to the geometries and subsequent modifications to them. In the concurrent engineering environment, where even the designer needs information from the CAD/CAM systems, such time-consuming processes can be expensive. To alleviate this problem, a neural network system can be used to estimate machining time by predicting cost-dependent variables such as tool path length for the pocket milling operation. Pockets are characterized and classified into various groups. A randomized design is described so that the training samples that have been chosen represent the domain evenly. An appropriate network was built and trained with the sample pocket geometries. The analysis of the performance of the system in terms of tool path length prediction for new pocket geometries is presented.     

Study on residual stress in viscoelastic thin film using curvature measurement method

Using LSM (laser scanning method), the radius of curvature due to thermal deformation in polyimide film coated on Si substrate is measured. Since the polyimide film shows viscoelastic behavior, i.e., the modulus and deformation of the film vary with time and temperature, we estimate the relaxation modulus and the residual stresses of the polyimide film by measuring the radius of curvature and subsequently by performing viscoelastic analysis. The residual stresses relax by an amount of 10% at 100°C and 20% at 150°C for two hours.     

A simplified analysis of the effect of microstructure gradient on the stress relief of aluminum plates and extrusions

Many bulk forms of metal products are quenched after heat treatment in order to preserve material characteristics. Rapid quenching results in large thermal stress gradients that lead to high levels of residual stress. For products such as plates and extrusions, stretching by a few percent can reduce these stresses, but the stresses are not completely relieved. This report presents a simplified analytical model of the stress relief process illustrating the effects of through-thickness property gradients on residual stress after stretching. The basic conclusion is that for plates with uniform yield surface shapes through the thickness, the through-thickness residual stress range after stress relief is equal to the strength range in the direction of stretch. In extrusions, the bow after stress relief is proportional to this strength range. Cases are also considered in which the yield surface shapes range from isotropic to anisotropic through the thickness. Plastic anisotropy can perturb the effect of strength range on residual stress.     

Numerical analysis of welding residual stress using heat source models for the multi-pass weldment

Numerical prediction of welding-induced residual stresses using the finite element method has been a common practice in the development or refinement of welded product designs. Various researchers have studied several thermal models associated with the welding process. Among these thermal models, ramp heat input and double-ellipsoid moving source have been investigated. These heat-source models predict the temperature fields and history with or without accuracy. However, these models can predict the thermal characteristics of the welding process that influence the formation of the inherent plastic strains, which ultimately determines the final state of residual stresses in the weldment. The magnitude and distribution of residual stresses are compared. Although the two models predict similar magnitude of the longitudinal stress, the double-ellipsoid moving source model predicts wider tensile stress zones than the other one. And, both the ramp heating and moving source models predict the stress results in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.     

Path curvature of a geared seven-bar mechanism

This paper presents a graphical technique to locate the center of curvature of the path traced by a coupler point of a planar, single-degree-of-freedom, geared seven-bar mechanism. Since this is an indeterminate mechanism then the pole for the instantaneous motion of the coupler link; i.e., the point coincident with the instantaneous center of zero velocity for this link, cannot be obtained from the Aronhold–Kennedy theorem. The graphical technique that is presented in the first part of the paper to locate the pole is believed to be an important contribution to the kinematics literature. The paper then focuses on the graphical technique to locate the center of curvature of the path traced by an arbitrary coupler point. The technique begins with replacing the seven-bar mechanism by a constrained five-bar linkage whose links are kinematically equivalent to the second-order properties of motion. Then three kinematic inversions are investigated and a four-bar linkage is obtained from each inversion. The motion of the coupler link of the final four-bar linkage is equivalent up to and including the second-order properties of motion of the coupler of the geared seven-bar. Then the center of curvature of the path traced by an arbitrary coupler point can be obtained from existing techniques, such as the Euler–Savary equation. An analytical method, referred to as the method of kinematic coefficients, is presented as an independent check of the graphical technique.     

Stress distribution of coated film with a range of coated film thickness and elastic properties under a single EHL operating condition

In recent years, the techniques improving sliding performances have progressed by using coated films possessing superior tribological properties, to reduce the failures of the mechanical elements. Those techniques are often used under severe conditions such as elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). In this paper, numerical three-dimensional analysis of the maximum shear stress applied into the coated film and substrate under a single EHL operating condition was performed with a range of coated film thickness and elastic properties. The strength of coated film as one of those techniques was evaluated numerically, resulting in an optimum design of coated film. As a result, coated films with a larger value of thickness and a smaller modulus of elasticity than that of substrate are preferable.     

汽车后桥壳弹塑性有限元分析

对我国生产的一种汽车后桥壳进行了大位移、大应变弹塑性有限元模拟分析，求得了加载点的载荷-位移变化曲线、最大应力点的弹塑性应变-载荷变化曲线、危险截面的弹塑性应力-载荷变化曲线、危险截面达到全面屈服时的屈服载荷等，为汽车后桥的强度评价及疲劳寿命估算提供了有关数据。     

提高微压传感器灵敏度的深盆腔压力膜片研究(一)

表面微机械微小量程压力传感器采用多晶硅薄膜等有内应力的敏感膜片时，应力往往会使膜片的力学灵敏度大大下降，无法满足微量程测量的要求。波纹膜片可以消除或减小应力来提高灵敏度，但是其波纹结构本身又会造成力学灵敏度下降，从而部分抵消了应力消除的效果。提出一种新型深盆腔膜片结构，在消除应力的同时实现了比平膜片还高的力学灵敏度，可以提高微压传感器和微麦克风的灵敏度。采用解析和有限元 两种方法相结合的方法，对该种膜片进行了分析和研究。对比平膜和波纹膜结构，显示了深盆腔膜在力学灵敏度方面的显著提高。     

振动时效--大力推广应用的新工艺

对振动时效工艺及传统的时效工艺进行了比较。简述了振动时效工艺过程及其显著优点,并表明应该推广应用这一新工艺。     

增强蚁群算法的机器人最优路径规划

为解决复杂环境中机器人最优路径规划问题,本文结合增强学习和人工势场法的原理,提出一种基于增强势场优化的机器人路径规划方法,引入增强学习思想对人工势场法进行自适应路径规划.再把该规划结果作为先验知识,对蚁群算法进行初始化,提高了蚁群算法的优化效率,同时克服了传统人工势场法的局部极小问题.仿真实验结果表明,该方法在复杂环境中,对机器人的路径规划效果令人满意.