Technical risk involved in long-term operation of steam turbines

The scope of the paper is the assessment of the technical risk involved in long-term operation of power units. Detailed analyses have been conducted for steam turbine components. The sources and consequences of risk have been identified and the probability of turbine components failure calculated. The quantitative assessment of the risk has been made and possibilities of its reduction discussed.     

电子工业用高纯氮的生产

生产电子工业用高纯氮的制氮装置 ,其要点和难点是一氧化碳和氢的清除。采用一氧化碳转换炉和特殊的冷箱内流程组织 ,可以生产纯度为 99 9999%以上的高纯氮。对制取电子工业用高纯氮制氮装置与常规制氮装置加氮终端净化器两种流程进行了比较。     

技术杠杆系数的研究——技术进步对企业息税前收益的影响

提出了技术杠杆的概念,并就技术成本杠杆和技术价格杠杆对企业息税前收益变化的影响程度进行了探讨,经理论计算说明了通过技术进步不但可以提高企业的息税前收益,而且当企业的经济效益越差时,技术进步使产品的变动成本降低或使产品的单位售价提高而带来的企业息税前收益提高的速度越快。     

改性乳化沥青技术标准和检验方法

针对我国JTG F40-2004《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》和“美国不同地区微表处用改性乳化沥青技术标准”等，详细介绍了中外改性乳化沥青的技术标准。简要介绍了暂时未列入我国改性乳化沥青的几种检验方法，并对我国改性乳化沥青标准提出逐步列入粘韧性和韧性、60C动力粘度、弹性恢复等检验项目的建议。     

The determinants of cost efficiency of hydroelectric generating plants: A random frontier approach

This paper analyses the technical efficiency in the hydroelectric generating plants of a main Portuguese electricity enterprise EDP (Electricity of Portugal) between 1994 and 2004, investigating the role played by increase in competition and regulation. A random cost frontier method is adopted. A translog frontier model is used and the maximum likelihood estimation technique is employed to estimate the empirical model. We estimate the efficiency scores and decompose the exogenous variables into homogeneous and heterogeneous. It is concluded that production and capacity are heterogeneous, signifying that the hydroelectric generating plants are very distinct and therefore any energy policy should take into account this heterogeneity. It is also concluded that competition, rather than regulation, plays the key role in increasing hydroelectric plant efficiency.     

Analysis of low load transients for the Vandellòs-II NPP: Application to operation and control support

The Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) has been jointly working with the Asociación Nuclear Ascó-Vandellòs (ANAV) for a number of years in order to establish, qualify and use best estimate (BE) models for the reactors under the control of ANAV. ANAV is the consortium that is responsible for operation of the Ascó and Vandellòs-II reactors. The reactors are Westinghouse-design three-loop PWRs with an approximate electrical power of 1000 MW. The existing integral plant models for each plant are currently used for many different purposes among which are support of plant operation and control. Quite a number of studies have been done in order to improve both safety and plant competitiveness. Most of these dynamic analyses were carried out in relation to transients starting at nominal full power or at least, very close to full power. This paper develops a specific use of the Vandellòs-II plant model for operation and control support at low power involving new ranges of system actuation parameters. It also examines scenarios that are somewhat different from those typically analysed. The study starts showing the results of an assessment case, which is a start-up test and provides some additional qualification, and subsequently attempts to establish calculations to support both an improvement in feed water controls and to set up operating recommendations for low-load manual operation of feed water turbo-pump. Both results hopefully, will produce an outcome, which leads to an improvement in safety and reduces reactor trip probability.     

信息化时代企业情报工作与时俱进

针对信息化时代企业情报工作面临的新课题，结合本企业情况，从成为企业技术创新的加油站、成为职工素质提高的资源库、成为企业获取和分析竞争环境的侦察兵、成为企业信息安全的保护伞等方面论述了企业情报工作与时俱进等理念和方法。     

Waste-to-energy based greenhouse heating: exploring viability conditions through optimisation models

An optimisation approach is proposed in order to assess the technical and economic feasibility of a renewable-energy-based greenhouse in North-Eastern Italy. A floor heating system that can exploit a low-temperature heat flow coming from the condenser of a waste-to-energy plant is chosen for the greenhouse and designed developing a non-linear optimisation model, solved by a genetic algorithm. In order to determine under what conditions the combination of a floor-heating-based greenhouse with a waste-to-energy plant can be profitable, a mixed integer optimisation model is introduced to allow selection of the minimum cost fuel solution as a function of different design variables of the greenhouse, such as indoor temperature settings and floor area. The ranges within which the renewable energy solution can lead to significant savings in comparison to traditional fossil fuel are identified both from the point of view of costs and of environmental impact. Furthermore, the sales prices for waste heat that would make investment in the renewable energy solution attractive for potential entrepreneurs are given.     

计算机支持的技术支援:概念与网络体系结构

首次提出了计算机支持的技术支援（CSTA）概念。计算机支持的技术支援是信息社会中技术支援的主要形式。分析了技术支援的过程、CSTA的技术特点和优点．总结了CSTA的基本研究内容和常用形式。针对技术支援的新需求、介绍了基于P2P的CSTA网络体系结构。     

浅析计算机网络通讯存在的问题及其改进策略

随着计算机技术取得的长足发展以及计算机的日益普及,计算机网络通讯已成为人们生活及工作中的不可或缺的组成部分。虽然计算机网络通讯极大的方便了人与人之间的沟通,但是仍然存在诸多问题,主要表现在网络通讯技术故障和网络通讯安全方面。网络故障问题主要是硬件连接和软件设置问题,网络通讯安全问题主要体现在非法窃听、恶意篡改、假冒以及对个人信息的非法操作等方面。本文简要剖析了计算机网络通讯当前存在的问题以及针对问题提出了相应解决方案。