大机组油路的清洗

我国各大化肥装置的大机组油路或多或少存在着油路不净、流通不畅而严重威胁装置安全运行的事例。本文着重介绍了合成氨装置大机组公用油系统油路的清洗方法、步骤及效果等问题,以供借鉴。     

高水头混流式水轮机内部固液两相流数值分析

针对泥沙直径对混流式水轮机蜗壳和导水机构内部流场产生影响的问题进行了初步研究,采用固液两相流模型对某电站的高水头混流式水轮机进行了全流道数值模拟,通过单一变量法来研究不同来流泥沙的直径对蜗壳和导水机构内部压力及泥沙分布产生的影响。研究结果表明:与清水相比,含沙水流会不同程度地使蜗壳和导水机构内部的水压力载荷增加,在相同工况下,蜗壳底部、蜗壳鼻端、固定导叶和活动导叶头部的泥沙浓度较大;小直径下泥沙分布均匀,随着泥沙直径的增加,泥沙浓度的梯度变大,泥沙分布更加集中,从而会使磨损加剧。该研究成果可为在含沙水流中运行的水轮机设计提供参考。     

Reynolds number scaling of flow in a Rushton turbine stirred tank. Part I—Mean flow, circular jet and tip vortex scaling

We consider scaling of flow within a stirred tank with increasing Reynolds number. Experimental results obtained from two different tanks of diameter 152.5 and 292.1 mm, with a Rushton turbine operating at a wide range of rotational speeds stirring the fluid, are considered. The Reynolds number ranges from 4000 to about 78,000. Phase-locked stereoscopic PIV measurements on three different vertical planes close to the impeller give phase-averaged mean flow on a cylindrical surface around the impeller. The scaling of θ- and plane-averaged radial, circumferential and axial mean velocity components is first explored. A theoretical model for the impeller-induced flow is used to extract the strength and size of the three dominant elements of the mean flow, namely the circumferential flow, the jet flow and the pairs of tip vortices. The scaling of these parameters with Reynolds number for the two different tanks is then obtained. The plane-averaged mean velocity scales with the blade tip velocity above a Reynolds number of about 15,000. However, parameters associated with the jet and tip vortices do not become Reynolds number independence until Re exceeds about 10⁵. The results for the two tanks exhibit similar Reynolds number dependence, however, a perfect collapse is not observed, suggesting a sensitive dependence of the mean flow to the finer details of the impeller.     

Catalytic combustion over platinum group catalysts: fuel-lean versus fuel-rich operation

Performance data are presented for methane oxidation on alumina-supported Pd, Pt, and Rh catalysts under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions. Catalyst activity was measured in a micro-scale isothermal reactor at temperatures between 300 and 800 °C. Non-isothermal (near adiabatic) temperature and reaction data were obtained in a full-length (non-differential) sub-scale reactor operating at high pressure (0.9 MPa) and constant inlet temperature, simulating actual reactor operation in catalytic combustion applications.

Under fuel-lean conditions, Pd catalyst was the most active, although deactivation occurred above 650 °C, with reactivation upon cooling. Rh catalyst also deactivated above 750 °C, but did not reactivate. Pt catalyst was active above 600 °C. Fuel-lean reaction products were CO₂ and H₂O for all three catalysts.

The same catalysts tested under fuel-rich conditions demonstrated much higher activity. In addition, a ‘lightoff’ temperature was found (between 450 and 600 °C), where a stepwise increase in reaction rate was observed. Following ‘lightoff’ partial oxidation products (CO, H₂) appeared in the mixture, and their concentration increased with increasing temperature. All three catalysts exhibited this behavior.

High-pressure (0.9 MPa) sub-scale reactor and combustor data are shown, demonstrating the benefits of fuel-rich operation over the catalyst for ultra-low emissions combustion.     

基于Android平台的风机手持操作仪开发

基于Android平台开发了一款风机手持操作仪, 用于风机的日常监视、维护及设置。以TCP/IP协议和MODBUS协议为基础, 与风机主控系统实现基础数据通讯, 并通过交互界面上的触控操作来完成监视、维护及设置功能; 同时, 利用数据库技术实现对风机和用户数据的存储与管理, 并对用户关键信息进行加密处理以提升安全性。实际应用表明了该设备的可行性、有效性, 并且具备灵活、便携、经济等特点。     

Numerical investigation on bowed blades of Iarge meridional expansion Turbine

To improve the performance of the Turbofan engine,several measures should be considered during design process.Such measures,relating to aerodynamic characteristic design,include the maximum enthalpy per stage,the shortest axial length,the minimum blade rows and the highest efficient in design and off design condition.To satisfy theses design characters,the meridian geometry of the engine will he excurvature at a high degree transition part between HP and LP turbines.The study is to investigate the effect of blade bowing on flow loss at blade tip and root of the type of turbine.Such turbine,tending towards separation,with severe secondary flow at the tip and strong radial flow at exit,was simulated by the 3D N-S solver Numerea,and there were several different stacking line bowing schemes in all.The results show that tip negative bowing and root positive bowing is able to weaken radial flow,consequently reduce the flow loss at the tip and root.     

《汽轮机综合实训》课程教学改革初探

《汽轮机设备及运行》是热动专业的一门专业核心课程,这门课程具有较强的理论和实践性。在以往的教学中,与这门课程相对应的实践课程是《汽轮机课程设计》,但是《汽轮机课程设计》这一传统的教学模式与高职高专的人才培养模式不相适应。从2008级开始,我们将热动专业的《汽轮机课程设计》改为《汽轮机综合实训》。本文主要阐述了《汽轮机综合实训》课程的教学理念、教学方法、教学内容和考核手段等方面的教学改革的方法和措施。     

运行中汽轮机油质变差的原因分析及对策

某机组汽轮机油在较短的使用时间内,油质却发生了很大的变化.汽轮机油质的好坏直接影响到油品在设备中运行时间的长短,关系到用油设备的安全及用油单位的经济成本.通过实验找出影响汽轮机油质变化的因素,以便在今后使用过程中采取相应的对策,提高油的品质,延长使用寿命.     

风力发电机锥筒型塔架的模态分析

应用SAP2000有限元分析软件对某定型风力发电机组塔架建模并进行模态分析,研究了有无门洞两种塔架的固有频率及其与风轮转动频率的关系,通过对塔架固有频率影响因素的探讨,得到了一些基础性结论.分析表明：塔架的固有频率每两阶基本相等;门洞对塔架固有频率的影响很小;塔架一阶固有频率与机头质量基本呈线性关系递减;能否引起塔架与风轮激励的共振主要取决于塔架的低阶频率.研究成果可为风力发电机锥筒型塔架的设计提供参考.     

基于全波整流频谱分析的水轮机多维气蚀监测系统及应用

建立了一种以多维气蚀分析法为基础,利用全波整流分析法提取气蚀特征信号为手段的水轮机气蚀综合监测系统.该系统通过合理布置大量传感器获取与气蚀相关的多维参数的特征信号,利用全波整流频谱分析信号并多元联合求解得到参数间的函数关系,最后量化它们对气蚀强度的影响.经白山水电厂4号机组测试和应用,证明该系统稳定可靠,能为水电厂的状态检修和经济运行提供有力依据.