Al_2O_3-TiO_2-ZrO_2含纳米结构等离子喷涂层的显微硬度及韧性

为了提高传统Al_2O_3+40%TiO_2等离子喷涂层的力学性能,将纳米结构的ZrO_2粉末引入热喷涂层,采用液相喷雾造粒的方法将纳米ZrO_2-准微米级Al_2O_3/TiO_2颗粒团聚成适用于等离子喷涂的微米级粉体,并用等离子喷涂技术制备出含有纳米结构的陶瓷涂层.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和显微硬度计等对涂层的微观结构和性能进行了检测.结果表明,最佳喷涂功率40 kW下制备的纳米陶瓷涂层的显微硬度和韧性比传统涂层有了明显提高.     

结霜前期纳米结构超疏水表面的凝结-冻结特性

研究结霜前期水蒸气在超疏水表面的凝结-冻结特性,有利于揭示超疏水表面的抑霜机理以及加深对结霜过程的认知。利用溶液刻蚀-沸水法制备了具有纳米结构的铝基表面,水滴与其形成的接触角达161.1°。通过微细观可视化观测,揭示结霜前期纳米结构超疏水表面的凝结-冻结特性,并与接触角为86.5°的裸露铝表面进行了对比分析。结果表明,超疏水表面凝结液滴的形状、尺寸和分布密度与裸露表面均存在差异,且液滴的冻结时间和冻结速率也不同。超疏水表面的液滴从17 min开始冻结,直到26 min才全部冻结,而裸露表面的液滴在4 min内就全部冻结。超疏水表面的纳米结构导致其与凝结液滴间的热阻增大,导热过程被削弱,从而抑制了液滴的生长与冻结。     

Cooling rate and dilution affect the nanostructure and microstructure differently in model fats

The effects of cooling rate and solid mass fraction on the polymorphism, nano and microstructure, thermal and rheological properties of binary mixtures of fully hydrogenated canola oil and canola oil at 20°C have been studied. The β‐polymorph was observed in fully hydrogenated canola oil (FHCO) when crystallized at slow cooling rates (0.1C°/min), however crystallization at higher cooling rates (0.7 and 10°C/min) resulted in the formation of the α form. The β‐polymorph was detected in all the binary mixtures of FHCO/canola oil and was not affected by crystallization at different cooling rates. Melting thermograms obtained from 100% FHCO displayed three melting peaks, associated with the development of the β‐polymorph via α→ β′→ β‐polymorphic transition in the DSC pan. Some solubilization of solid FHCO into canola oil was observed and the solubility was proportionally higher with increasing liquid oil fraction. The strong influence of the matrix concentration on micro/nanoscale structure was demonstrated by characterization of crystal size using cryogenic transmission electron (Cryo‐TEM) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). Crystallization under higher cooling rates lead to formation of smaller nano and meso‐structural elements. Furthermore, oscillatory rheology showed the influence of structural elements' size and polymorphism on material strength. The shear storage modulus (G′) of the mixtures was higher when crystallized at fast cooling rates (10°C/min). In contrast, for pure FHCO, G′ increased by lowering the cooling rate and the highest storage modulus was observed after crystallization at 0.1°C/min.     

TiO2薄膜和多孔薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备与表征

本文以钛酸丁酯[Ti（OC4H9）4]、去离子水、盐酸和聚乙二醇（PEG）1000为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和旋转涂膜工艺,在玻璃基底上制备纳米TiO2薄膜和TiO2多孔薄膜.利用原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和紫外-可见光谱仪（UV-Vis）对薄膜进行分析表征.结果表明,实验制备的TiO2粉体为锐钛矿晶型,纳米TiO2薄膜的平均粗糙度为17.2nm,TiO2多孔薄膜平均粗糙度为1.55 nm.TiO2多孔薄膜有较高的透射性和光催化活性,可直接用于光催化降解有机物等领域.     

One-dimensional nanostructures as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries with improved electrochemical performance

One-dimensional (1D) nanosize electrode materials of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) nanowires and Co₃O₄–carbon nanotube composites were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The as-prepared 1D nanostructures were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We tested the electrochemical properties of LiFePO₄ nanowires as cathode and Co₃O₄–carbon nanotubes as anode in lithium-ion cells, via cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. LiFePO₄ nanorod cathode demonstrated a stable performance over 70 cycles, with a remained specific capacity of 140 mAh g⁻¹. Nanocrystalline Co₃O₄–carbon nanotube composite anode exhibited a reversible lithium storage capacity of 510 mAh g⁻¹ over 50 cycles. 1D nanostructured electrode materials showed strong potential for lithium-ion batteries due to their good electrochemical performance.     

喷雾干燥法制备PS-PVD用8YSZ纳米团聚粉末

目的 通过喷雾干燥法制备用于等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积法（Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition,PS-PVD）多相沉积柱状/致密涂层的ZrO2-8%Y2O3 (8YSZ)纳米团聚粉末。方法 采用平均粒度为20 nm的8YSZ纳米粉为原料并配制成浆料,球磨后通过喷雾干燥法制备出8YSZ的纳米团聚粉末,并研究不同含量粘结剂（NJ-3）对粉末的影响。利用TEM、SEM表征粉末及涂层的微观结构。通过XRD、激光粒度及拉伸试验对粉末及涂层性能进行表征。结果 纳米8YSZ粉末在添加适当种类及含量的分散剂、粘结剂并通过喷雾干燥加工后,成功制备出球形度高、粒度小且适用于气/液/固多相沉积的PS-PVD用喷涂粉末。当粘结剂含量低于8%时,粉末球形度低,表面存在明显坑孔。而当粘结剂含量高于12%时,PS-PVD气相沉积效率低,涂层质量差。当粘结剂含量为10%时,粉末球形度高,D90=12.24 μm,可气/液/固多相沉积制备形貌良好的柱状涂层及致密涂层。其中气相沉积所制备柱状涂层结合强度可达33 MPa,且原始粉末中的m-ZrO2完全转变为t-ZrO2。结论 当粘结剂含量为10%时,所制备粉末能够流畅送粉,并进行气/液/固多相沉积,且涂层质量最优。粘结剂在粉末内部分布均匀,并主要起粘结和支撑作用,同时可改善粉末表面形貌。喷雾干燥后粉末粒度随着粘结剂含量增加而增大,但非线性变化。     

Janus三角纳米片和"三明治"三角纳米片消光特性的数值研究

基于离散偶极近似法(DDA)计算了不同组分的Janus三角纳米片和“三明治”三角纳米片的消光特性,两种纳米片在紫外-可见光波段均出现了明显的吸收峰。当纳米片较小时,消光特性主要以吸收为主,当纳米片逐渐增大,散射作用开始明显。当纳米片增大时,吸收峰向长波方向移动并且峰会变宽。二氧化硅与银的组合能在较宽的波段内激发表面等离激元效应,因此波峰比金银组合纳米片的波峰宽,但是吸收峰值较后者低。增加纳米片的层数,或者添加纳米片的组分,可以在一定范围内对纳米片的消光特性进行调节,从而提高太阳能光热转换效率。     

柔性自支撑PDDA-Si/G纳米复合薄膜的制备及储锂性能

通过静电自组装技术成功制备得到柔性自支撑聚二烯二甲基氯化铵-Si/石墨烯(PDDA-Si/G)纳米复合薄膜。该复合薄膜无添加黏结剂及导电炭黑且仍能保持电极结构的完整性,其中石墨烯提供完整的导电网络和机械韧性。电化学测试结果表明,当电流密度为0.2 A/g,复合材料的比容量可达1439.9 (mA·h)/g,库仑效率保持98%以上。且在高电流密度(2 A/g)下,复合材料的比容量仍可维持在499.9 (mA·h)/g,远高于商品化纯Si电极的电化学性能。     

受限纳米通道内气泡核化的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟研究受限纳米通道内液体在固体壁面上的核化生长过程,本文主要研究固体壁面润湿性对液体核化生长的影响并分析了气泡成核机理。结果表明：不同壁面润湿性对气泡核化生长产生较大影响。壁面润湿性强时,近壁面处会形成一层液膜,出现与池沸腾不同的现象,流体在液膜层发生均质核化,气泡核化生长速度较快;壁面润湿性较弱时,液体在近壁面处发生异质核化,气泡核化生长速度相对较慢;壁面润湿性最弱时,在近壁面处会形成一层气膜,热量通过气膜传递给流体,传热效果不佳,液体很难发生核化现象。形成这种现象的原因是壁面润湿性强,近壁面处会形成“类固体”层,热量由壁面经“类固体”层传给通道内流体,传热效果好,此外,“类固体”层越厚传热效果越好。壁面润湿性弱时,近壁面处没有“类固体”层,会形成一层气膜,降低传热效果,影响通道内流体核化生长。