Data reconciliation and optimal operation of a catalytic naphtha reformer

The naphtha reforming process converts low-octane gasoline blending components to high-octane components for use in high-performance gasoline fuels. The reformer also has an important function as the producer of hydrogen to the refinery hydrotreaters. A process model based on a unit model structure, is used for estimation of the process condition using data reconciliation. Measurements are classified as redundant or non-redundant and the model variables are classified as observable, barely observable or unobservable. The computed uncertainty of the measured and unmeasured variables shows that even if a variable is observable it may have a very large uncertainty and may thereby be practically unobservable. The process condition at 21 data points, sampled from two years of operation, was reconciled and used to optimize the process operation. There are large seasonal variations in the reformer product price and two operational cases are studied. In case 1, the product price is high and throughput is maximized with respect to process and product quality constraints. In case 2, the product price is low and the throughput is minimized with respect to a low constraint on the hydrogen production. Based on the characteristics of the optimal operation, a “self optimizing” control structure is suggested for each of the two operational cases.     

HC08系列微控制器编程调试器通用性设计

针对HC08系列不同型号微控制器在编程调试时的差异,提出HC08微控制器通用编程调试器的总体设计方案,给出通用性的软、硬件设计要点,介绍基于不同目标微控制器的擦写子程序的设计思想和实现方法。实验结果表明,该方案实现的编程调试器适用于HC08全系列的微控制器,通用性较好。     

.NET平台下的单元测试

"开发未动,测试先行。"这是现代的极限编程理论。这突出显示出测试在现代软件开发中的重要性,而单元测试又是软件测试中的第一阶段的测试,也是最重要的。该文将阐述并实现在.NET平台下进行的单元测试。     

使用扩展逻辑效力的逻辑路径尺寸优化方法

为解决集成电路物理设计中考虑互连线影响的逻辑路径延迟优化问题,提出一个计入互连线负载的扩展的逻辑效力(ELE),并针对ELE给出一个可同时优化逻辑路径中各个逻辑门尺寸及各段互连线长度的优化流程.ELE在保留原有逻辑效力参数的同时,使用互连寄生参数提取软件获得的Ⅱ型互连线参数,实现对带有互连线负载的逻辑门的传播延迟的描述和估计;逻辑路径优化流程采用效力延迟分配策略作为初始条件来表示各段互连线负载对总效力延迟的影响,将所用目标单元库和制造工艺的物理尺寸信息作为限制条件,以ELE表达式为核心展开优化计算,辅以动态规划办法,无需迭代运算,仅通过一轮计算即可求得全部结果.实验结果表明,该流程计算任务简单,资源耗费少,可以准确、快速地获得所需的逻辑门尺寸和互连线长度;结果清晰合理,与目标单元库和工艺库完全兼容.     

基于单片机的在线颗粒分析仪智能控制系统设计

针对国内粉末生产过程中粒度分布检验的滞后性,提出了在线颗粒分析仪智能控制系统设计。通过控制采样速度和喂料速度实现样品的在线分析,并实现分析数据的实时采集和传输,实现在线监控。实验结果表明,该系统测试范围达到4-300μm,可持续工作8小时,延时小于1分钟,测试准确度,重复性均达到在线控制的需要。     

一种快速的基于球体混合重建的碰撞检测算法

为了解决虚拟特征和虚拟环境中虚拟物体的相交问题,必须对实时的虚拟应用环境实施快速的碰撞检测.提出了基于球体混合重建的碰撞检测算法,对球体混合表面提出了一个子线性时间复杂性的重建过程;利用四元组构造变换范围,扩展了从线性到球形混合的构造变换方法;采用循环划分的方法完成了由球体混合到线性混合的分解过程.尽管这个方法的实现过程较线性的方法更难些,但算法的执行过程所需时间却与线性方法相差无几,其复杂性也与线性结构的相同.     

On guiding the augmentation of an automated test suite via mutation analysis

Mutation testing has traditionally been used as a defect injection technique to assess the effectiveness of a test suite as represented by a “mutation score.” Recently, mutation testing tools have become more efficient, and industrial usage of mutation analysis is experiencing growth. Mutation analysis entails adding or modifying test cases until the test suite is sufficient to detect as many mutants as possible and the mutation score is satisfactory. The augmented test suite resulting from mutation analysis may reveal latent faults and provides a stronger test suite to detect future errors which might be injected. Software engineers often look for guidance on how to augment their test suite using information provided by line and/or branch coverage tools. As the use of mutation analysis grows, software engineers will want to know how the emerging technique compares with and/or complements coverage analysis for guiding the augmentation of an automated test suite. Additionally, software engineers can benefit from an enhanced understanding of efficient mutation analysis techniques. To address these needs for additional information about mutation analysis, we conducted an empirical study of the use of mutation analysis on two open source projects. Our results indicate that a focused effort on increasing mutation score leads to a corresponding increase in line and branch coverage to the point that line coverage, branch coverage and mutation score reach a maximum but leave some types of code structures uncovered. Mutation analysis guides the creation of additional “common programmer error” tests beyond those written to increase line and branch coverage. We also found that 74% of our chosen set of mutation operators is useful, on average, for producing new tests. The remaining 26% of mutation operators did not produce new test cases because their mutants were immediately detected by the initial test suite, indirectly detected by test suites we added to detect other mutants, or were not able to be detected by any test.

A Randomized Algorithm for Online Unit Clustering

In this paper, we consider the online version of the following problem: partition a set of input points into subsets, each enclosable by a unit ball, so as to minimize the number of subsets used. In the one-dimensional case, we show that surprisingly the naïve upper bound of 2 on the competitive ratio can be beaten: we present a new randomized 15/8-competitive online algorithm. We also provide some lower bounds and an extension to higher dimensions.     

基于人体骨架信息的行为检测系统设计

为了解决现有行为检测系统中依赖惯性传感器、检测结果不够准确的问题,设计了基于人体骨架信息的行为检测系统;系统采用Jetson Nano人工智能计算设备作为主控模块,结合图像采集模块、显示模块和以Atmega328单片机为主的报警模块构成;系统利用图像采集模块采集行为视频信息,通过主控模块中的行为检测器对视频中人体行为进行检测,报警模块通过串口接收检测结果并对危险行为进行预警;同时,利用人体骨架的关节空间运动幅度、肢体关联差异,建立了关节帧间位移矢量和骨骼夹角变化的关节行为模型,再借助长短时记忆网络提取行为特征,并训练实时行为检测器;经实验测试,该系统能够有效检测常见的人体行为并对危险行为类别进行报警提示。     

计及可靠性收益的配电网柔性多状态开关及分布式电源综合优化配置

柔性多状态开关(flexible multi-state switch,FMS)是支撑新型电力系统背景下配电网运行控制能力提升和可再生能源接入渗透率改善的重要技术装备,针对现有配电网中FMS的规划并未详细考虑FMS与分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)的协调配置,以及对于FMS接入带来的可靠性提升考虑不足的问题。文章在规划配置阶段详细考虑了含FMS和DG的协同优化运行,并充分计及FMS接入带来的可靠性收益,构建了基于嵌套优化的FMS和DG选址定容双层优化配置模型。针对双层嵌套规划模型求解的复杂性,提出了基于改进粒子群算法和GAMS(general algebraic modeling language)算法相结合的模型求解策略,以改造后的IEEE 33节点算例系统为例,对所提出模型和方法的有效性进行了验证,结果表明提出的方法相比传统单一FMS规划具有更好的经济性,能最大程度地降低配电网年综合费用,同时减少用户因停电带来的损失。