Analysis of UK river restoration using broad‐scale data sets

This paper uses data from the UK River Restoration Centre's National River Restoration Inventory (NRRI) and the UK Environment Agency's River Habitat Survey (RHS) to analyse the relationship between restoration technique and the physical catchment context in which they have been implemented. Specifically we tested the relationship between categories of restoration technique and energy conditions, the relationship between restoration project and degree of channel modification, and whether the associations between restoration and physical catchment attributes have changed over time. Significant associations between categories of restoration technique and catchment variables were found, with direct morphological interventions needed in lower energy conditions; however, the analysis shows no change over time. This work shows that analysis of existing data sets can provide useful information to support the science and practice of river restoration and suggests that further analysis of existing ecological and geomorphological data sets provides an important learning opportunity to strengthen river restoration.     

基于新疆特色林果产品的质量安全追溯体系研究

为了保证新疆特色林果产品的持续优质化及可追溯性,通过新疆特色林果质量安全实时监控系统信息流程、追溯信息系统结构、前馈与反馈耦合的超前管理控制模型、质量安全追溯预警模型及其整体网络平台设计,解析了新疆特色林果质量安全追溯体系的组成及设计方法。本研究为新疆特色林果产品质量安全管理提供了有效手段,实践应用效果初步表明采用此理论研究成果建立完善新疆林果质量安全追溯体系可行,能为生产基地管理者、果品经营者、职能管理部门及消费者提供便捷可靠的信息咨询,并为相关农产品质量追溯提供借鉴。      

荷兰黄瓜外部水分迁移模型及实验研究

综合单向扩散、双膜理论以及有效膜模型等原理,提出了荷兰黄瓜在贮藏前期的外部水分迁移传质模型——类单向扩散过程,通过实验导出了荷兰黄瓜在恒温恒湿条件下水分迁移时的有效膜厚度△x,避免了理论分析过程中存在的有效膜厚度难以确定等问题,为预测果蔬前期水分损失提供了一个新的思路。      

基于正交编码的M元非正弦扩频调制方法

为了提高非正弦时域正交调制通信系统的性能,增强抗干扰能力,将M元扩频技术引入到非正弦时域正交调制通信系统,提出了一种基于正交编码的M元非正弦时域正交扩频调制方法.采用理论推导和数值仿真的方法,分析了该系统在加性高斯白噪声信道下的误码性能和频带利用率.结果表明：该方法能够有效提高系统的误码性能,增强系统的抗干扰能力.     

体外模拟消化过程中大豆蛋白的荧光光谱分析及热处理的影响

分析了不同温度热处理及不同时间热处理的大豆分离蛋白体外模拟消化过程产物的荧光光谱。结果表明:不同时间热处理及不同温度的热处理均对大豆蛋白的消化有一定促进作用,大豆蛋白的最佳热处理条件为85℃、20 min,蛋白质的消化程度最大。大豆分离蛋白经不同温度热处理后,消化1 h,消化产物的最大吸光波长(λ_max)即随着加热温度的上升而红移,在加热90℃时达到最大值后下降,而荧光强度呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势。经过不同时间热处理后消化1 h,大豆分离蛋白消化产物的λ_max先上升后下降。且荧光强度随着加热时间的延长呈现出不同的变化趋势,在0²0 min不断升高时,20 min时达到最大值,而继续加热至60 min,荧光强度逐渐下降。      

The Genotoxicity of Acrylfentanyl,Ocfentanyl and Furanylfentanyl Raises the Concern of Long-Term Consequences

Three fentanyl analogues Acrylfentanyl, Ocfentanyl and Furanylfentanyl are potent, rapid-acting synthetic analgesics that recently appeared on the illicit market of new psychoactive substances (NPS) under the class of new synthetic opioids (NSO). Pharmacotoxicological data on these three non-pharmaceutical fentanyl analogues are limited and studies on their genotoxicity are not yet available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate this property. The ability to induce structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells was evaluated by employing the flow cytometric protocol of the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test. Our study demonstrated the non-genotoxicity of Fentanyl, i.e., the pharmaceutical progenitor of the class, while its illicit non-pharmaceutical analogues were found to be genotoxic. In particular, Acrylfentanyl led to a statistically significant increase in the MNi frequency at the highest concentration tested (75 μM), while Ocfentanyl and Furanylfentnyl each did so at both concentrations tested (150, 200 μM and 25, 50 μM, respectively). The study ended by investigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction as a possible mechanism linked to the proved genotoxic effect. The results showed a non-statistically significant increase in ROS levels in the cultures treated with all molecules under study. Overall, the proved genotoxicity raises concern about the possibility of serious long-term consequences.     

Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms,Relevant In Vivo Models,Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.     

Addition of Synthetic Biomaterials to Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) for Bone Augmentation—A Preclinical In Vivo Study

(1) Aim: To investigate the effect of synthetic bone substitutes, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) or bi-layered biphasic calcium-phosphate (BBCP) combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), on bone formation. (2) Methods: Thirty critical size defects were randomly treated with the following five different treatment modalities: (1) negative control (NC, empty), (2) DBBM, (3) α-TCP + DBBM (1:1), (4) BBCP 3%HA/97%α-TCP + DBBM (1:1), and (5) BBCP 6%HA/94%α-TCP + DBBM (1:1). The samples, at four weeks post-surgery, were investigated by micro-CT and histological analysis. (3) Results: A similar level of new bone formation was demonstrated in the DBBM with α-TCP bone substitute groups when compared to the negative control by histomorphometry. DBBM alone showed significantly lower new bone area than the negative control (p = 0.0252). In contrast to DBBM, the micro-CT analysis revealed resorption of the α-TCP + DBBM, BBCP 3%HA/97%α-TCP + DBBM and BBCP 6%HA/94%α-TCP + DBBM, as evidenced by a decrease of material density (p = 0.0083, p = 0.0050 and p = 0.0191, respectively), without changing their volume. (4) Conclusions: New bone formation was evident in all defects augmented with biomaterials, proving the osteoconductive properties of the tested material combinations. There was little impact of the HA coating degree on α-TCP in bone augmentation potential and material resorption for four weeks when mixed with DBBM.     

Anticoagulants as Potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitors for COVID-19 Patients: In Vitro,Molecular Docking,Molecular Dynamics,DFT, and SAR Studies

In this article, 34 anticoagulant drugs were screened in silico against the main protease (M^pro) of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking tools. Idraparinux, fondaparinux, eptifibatide, heparin, and ticagrelor demonstrated the highest binding affinities towards SARS-CoV-2 M^pro. A molecular dynamics study at 200 ns was also carried out for the most promising anticoagulants to provide insights into the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of promising compounds. Moreover, a quantum mechanical study was also conducted which helped us to attest to some of the molecular docking and dynamics findings. A biological evaluation (in vitro) of the most promising compounds was also performed by carrying out the MTT cytotoxicity assay and the crystal violet assay in order to assess inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀). It is worth noting that ticagrelor displayed the highest intrinsic potential for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 with an IC₅₀ value of 5.60 µM and a safety index of 25.33. In addition, fondaparinux sodium and dabigatran showed promising inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 8.60 and 9.40 µM, respectively, and demonstrated safety indexes of 17.60 and 15.10, respectively. Moreover, the inhibitory potential of the SARS-CoV-2 M^pro enzyme was investigated by utilizing the SARS-CoV-2 M^pro assay and using tipranavir as a reference standard. Interestingly, promising SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitory potential was attained for fondaparinux sodium with an IC₅₀ value of 2.36 µM, surpassing the reference tipranavir (IC₅₀ = 7.38 µM) by more than three-fold. Furthermore, highly eligible SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitory potential was attained for dabigatran with an IC₅₀ value of 10.59 µM. Finally, an SAR was discussed, counting on the findings of both in vitro and in silico approaches.