柏叶口水库面板堆石坝分期填筑及上坝施工道路布置

论述了柏叶口水库面板堆石坝的大坝施工用水,施工道路的布置、大坝分期填筑方案及坝料的运输。     

新立城水库坝基防渗高压摆喷灌浆参数试验

新立城水库土坝坝基属于双层地基,即表层为粘性土层,下面为沙砾石层。坝基下砾质粗砂和细砾为强透水层,连续分布。因需要防渗的透水层不厚(仅2～5m),采用高压喷射灌浆封堵透水层。施工前选定与坝段同样地质条件的试验场,用实际施工的喷灌设备分不同方案进行原型试验,开挖后观察成墙效果,最后确定施工技术参数。     

黑河水库引水洞上部滑坡的稳定性数值模拟分析

以黑河引水洞上部滑坡为例,采用二维离散元软件对滑坡的变形过程进行了数值模拟,分别从应力、应变、塑性区分布等方面分析滑坡的变形特征,并对坡面一点的速率、位移情况进行监测,模拟结果与实际观测结果大体上是吻合的,离散元数值模拟在一定程度上反映了坡体变形破坏的总体趋势.     

山美库区2011年污染物预测与入库量计算

针对山美水库库区污染物问题,对库区2011年污染物入库量进行初步计算得出流域污染物入库量及主要污染源,建议采取工程治理措施和非工程措施相结合的方法削减入库污染负荷,供山美水库流域水源地水污染防治实施参考。并能通过实施水生态系统保护与修复技术工程的建设,解决目前危害水源地安全的重大问题,推动山美水库水源地保护工作的全面开...     

辽宁省闹德海水库出库水沙关系研究

闹德海水库汛期排沙与防洪和兴利蓄水矛盾十分突出,研究该水库汛期排沙与汛期水位的联合控制,应首先深入研究该水库的出库水沙关系。本文通过不同情景下的出库水沙关系分析,得到实用性较强的出库水沙关系方案,为未来该水库的汛期水沙联合调度奠定基础,同时为国内同类问题的解决提供新思路。     

天津市于桥水库饮用水源地保护对策研究

于桥水库作为天津市最重要的饮用水水源地,其库区水体氮、磷浓度接近国家标准阈值,亟需采取保护防治措施缓解水体氮、磷污染负荷压力。本文基于水库型饮用水水源地环境保护技术框架的一般思路,开展了对于桥水库水环境治理技术方案的分析研究。首先,使用GWLF(普适流域负荷函数)模型对水库周边流域污染源负荷进行识别与负荷解析;之后,基于最佳管理实践(BMP)和低影响开发(LID)的理念和方法,同时根据于桥水库的具体实际情况,提出相应的工程治理措施,并采用BATHTUB模型对各工程措施进行环境效益评估计算;最后使用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对各工程措施进行择优分析,得出最佳治理实施方案。     

A new methodology for Bayesian history matching using parallel interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo

This paper presents an innovative application of a new class of parallel interacting Markov chains Monte Carlo to solve the Bayesian history matching (BHM) problem. BHM consists of sampling a posterior distribution given by the Bayesian theorem. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is well suited for sampling, in principle, any type of distribution; however the number of iteration required by the traditional single-chain MCMC can be prohibitive in BHM applications. Furthermore, history matching is typically a highly nonlinear inverse problem, which leads in very complex posterior distributions, characterized by many separated modes. Therefore, single chain can be trapped into a local mode. Parallel interacting chains is an interesting way to overcome this problem, as shown in this paper. In addition, we presented new approaches to define starting points for the parallel chains. For validation purposes, the proposed methodology is firstly applied in a simple but challenging cross section reservoir model with many modes in the posterior distribution. Afterwards, the application to a realistic case integrated to geostatistical modelling is also presented. The results showed that the combination of parallel interacting chain with the capabilities of distributed computing commonly available nowadays is very promising to solve the BHM problem.     

Ecological operation for Three Gorges Reservoir

The traditional operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has mainly focused on water for flood control,power generation,navigation,water supply,and recreation,and given less attention to the negative impacts of reservoir operation on the river ecosystem.In order to reduce the negative influence of reservoir operation,ecological operation of the reservoir should be studied with a focus on maintaining a healthy river ecosystem.This study considered ecological operation targets,including maintaining the river environmental flow and protecting the spawning and reproduction of the Chinese sturgeon and four major Chinese carps.Using flow data from 1900 to 2006 at the Yichang gauging station as the control station data for the Yangtze River,the minimal and optimal river environmental flows were analyzed,and eco-hydrological targets for the Chinese sturgeon and four major Chinese carps in the Yangtze River were calculated.This paper proposes a reservoir ecological operation model,which comprehensively considers flood control,power generation,navigation,and the ecological environment.Three typical periods,wet,normal,and dry years,were selected,and the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to analyze the model.The results show that ecological operation modes have different effects on the economic benefit of the hydropower station,and the reservoir ecological operation model can simulate the flood pulse for the requirements of spawning of the Chinese sturgeon and four major Chinese carps.According to the results,by adopting a suitable re-operation scheme,the hydropower benefit of the reservoir will not decrease dramatically while the ecological demand is met.The results provide a reference for designing reasonable operation schemes for the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

朱庄水库流域径流量变化特征及影响因素

利用朱庄区域长系列水文资料,对径流量的年内、年际变化特征及变化趋势进行了分析研究,分析了人类活动影响引起下垫面变化导致径流变化的原因,估算了降水和下垫面变化对径流量的影响量。该区域径流量年内、年际变化较大;多年径流量系列呈减少趋势,尤其从20世纪70年代末以来径流量发生了显著变异;下垫面变化是径流量减少的主要原因。     

南水北调中线小南河串流片防洪水位计算

传统的多河流串流计算主要采用水库联调的方法,把串流的各条河流概化为静态水库,库水位水平且不考虑横向流动。为解决串流区水流的横向流动及水面线并不总像库水位一样水平的问题,采用二维非恒定流数学模型计算串流区洪水演进。通过概化地形、考虑入流、糙率、边界条件和水流的横向流动等因素,计算出了整个串流区域的水面线、水深、流速、出流等水力要素,并给出洪水演进模拟图,为确定河流与总干渠交叉建筑物的规模、总干渠左岸沿线水面线和对沿线村庄、农田的防洪影响提供了可靠的依据。