Effect of season on color of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) beef

A total of 1278 head of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) slaughtered over four seasons were used to evaluate the effect of season on color characteristics of beef longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. CIE L^*, a^*, b^*, C^* values and hue angle were significantly lower (P<0.05) in cattle slaughtered in the winter season. Meat color was darker in the winter than in the spring and autumn seasons. The L^* values among three average daily temperature (T_a) categories were different (P<0.05) in order of: [5 °CT_a<25 °C] > [T_a25 °C] > [T_a<5 °C], indicating that the meat color of cattle slaughtered at T_a<5 °C was darker. The a^*, b^*, C^* values and hue angle were significantly lower (P<0.05) in cattle slaughtered at T_a<5 °C. Season at slaughter is of great importance for meat color. Namely, meat color of Hanwoo beef was influenced by environmental temperature. Overall, cattle slaughtered in the winter season of T_a<5 °C produced beef with more undesirable meat color properties.     

油菜花粉发酵破壁最佳条件的确定

采用“628”最优回归设计和数学模型探讨了高糖酵母最佳破壁条件。运用向后逐步回归分析法,获得花粉破壁率与水分,pH值、渗透压、时间、温度、营养物质用量的最优回归方程,且分析了各因子的主效应和互作效应。在计算机三次样条多维插值所得组合中,通过搜索可确定花粉破壁率达最大值92.35%时的最佳组合条件。把此模型推广到油菜花粉乳酸菌饮料制作工艺的研究中,最终确定各因子最佳组合是：蒸糖添加量为13.40%,破壁花粉浓度为28.90%,接种量为2.50%,发酵乳用量为55.00%,稳定剂用量为0.20%。该方法不仅是确定最佳发酵条件的优化途径,也是食品加工工艺研究中的有效手段。     

Preparation and characterization of a protein hydrolysate from an oilseed flour mixture

A novel protein hydrolysate was prepared from the mixture of oilseed flours (soybean, sesame and peanut) and determined physicochemical & functional properties along with comparison of individual oilseed flour hydrolysate of soybean. Mixed flour obtained from oilseed flours viz. soybean, sesame and peanut by using calculated amounts in the ratio of 1.1:1.7:0.7, respectively was used as a starting raw material having balanced amino acid profile. Protein hydrolysates were prepared from mixed flour and soybean flour by a double enzyme treatment method to a level of 40% degree of hydrolysis. The dried protein hydrolysate prepared from the mixed flour had 72% crude protein. This protein was characterized by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE. Comparison of the amino acid profile of the protein hydrolysate from mixed flours and soyabean flours showed a significant increase in the former one with respect to amino acid contents usually deficient of single oilseed flour hydrolysate. The product is creamish yellow in colour and had a solubility of >90% over a wide pH range of 2–10. The mixed flour protein hydrolysate showed better functional attributes such as foaming, as compared to that from soybean flour alone.     

水利工程冬季混凝土施工探讨

水利工程冬季混凝土施工主要受冻融循环的影响,导致混凝土构件性能下降,影响水利工程质量.本文针对冻融循环的特点,分析冬季条件下混凝土作业施工的要点,对混凝土施工提出若干要求.针对冬季低温环境特点,分析混凝土养护方法.最后对水利工程混凝土施工质量控制进行分析,并提出施工质量管理体系建立和质量管理的过程控制.     

基于冠气温差的冬小麦水分亏缺诊断试验研究

为提高灌溉预测的精度和及时性,基于两个生长季的冬小麦田间试验资料,揭示了冠气温差与多因素的响应关系,阐明了冠气温差对叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率的差异区间,获得了以相对冠气温差为基础的冬小麦水分亏缺调控阈值。结果表明：冬小麦冠气温差响应土壤水分调控,数值呈增大变化趋势。0~60cm的土壤平均水分、饱和水汽压差与冠气温差显著负相关,叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率与冠气温差呈显著的二次抛物线关系,冠气温差、相对冠气温差对叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率的差异区间可作为反映冬小麦叶片水分高效利用的调控阈值。不同水文年相对冠气温差差异区间较为一致,不同生育阶段（抽穗开花期、灌浆期、成熟期）范围分别是0.40~0.60,0.40~0.55和0.40~0.65。     

水培油菜处理富营养化水体的研究

中国湖区水体环境污染问题日趋严重,典型的污染 形式是面源污染造成的水体富营养化。为此利用水上生物浮岛,探索油菜水上移栽技术,通 过油菜生长代谢吸收水体中的氮磷等,在治理水体污染的同时,将水体中的氮磷等转化成农产品。     

济南市区段暗涵冬期施工技术研究与实践

济南市区段输水暗涵济洛路至洪家园桥段跨冬季施工,结合工程特点采用暖棚法施工,采取经济有效的暖棚支架和外敷保温材料。根据可施工工作面及热源条件,加热方式采取蒸汽锅炉通过管道向暖棚内供热。同时采取混凝土强度试件与洞身同条件养护,以检验拆模及拆暖棚的时机。为控制混凝土内外温差,同时保证混凝土达到设计强度85％前不受负温,暖棚拆除后对裸露混凝土表面继续保温养护。     

浙江杭嘉湖平原油菜生长的土壤地球化学研究

在浙江省杭嘉湖平原区区域农业环境地球化学调查的基础上，选择嘉善县西塘、余杭县乔司二个典型地区作为专题研究区，对比研究了土壤条件与油菜元素含量、生长及产量间的关系，指出制约油菜生长的土壤地球化学因素，为研究区以至区域内油菜生产的种植和合理施肥提供了科学依据。     

冬期施工外加剂混凝土最优经济成本分析

根据冬施气温条件，提出了冬施砼选用各类外加剂的原则，并用线性规划法得出冬施砼最优经济成本，可供施工单位参考。     

混凝土抗冻临界强度取值研究与实践

分析了冬期施工中存在的几种不同抗冻临界强度的概念，指出了空白砼的抗冻临界强度与防冻剂砼抗冻临界强度之间的本质区别，并提出了广义抗冻临界强度的概念，为负温砼工程实践提供了理论基础。