简易包种法防治油菜跳甲的初报

[目的]采用简易包种法筛选有效防治油菜跳甲的化学药剂。[结果]杀虫单处理后平均保苗率在83%以上,而吡虫啉的防治效果最差,平均保苗率低于45%;三唑磷处理后出苗第9天,平均保苗率达85%;出苗第9天经吡虫啉.马拉硫磷的处理平均保苗率达88.79%;出苗第3天,氟虫腈.三唑磷混配剂处理后平均保苗率达89.64%;出苗第9天除氟虫腈.辛硫磷混配剂外,其余氟虫腈的混配剂处理后,平均保苗率在85%以上;杀虫单.辛硫磷混配剂处理后平均保苗率高于84%;出苗后第9天杀虫单.氟虫腈混配剂平均保苗率为93.43%。[结论]杀虫单和三唑磷单剂、吡虫啉.马拉硫磷混配剂、氟虫腈.三唑磷、氟虫腈.马拉硫磷、氟虫腈.杀虫单、杀虫单.辛硫磷的种衣剂对防治油菜跳甲在生产上有一定的应用价值。     

微波辅助NaOH预处理提高油菜秸秆酶解效率的研究

为提高油菜秸秆的酶解效率,试验借助于常压微波加热技术辅助NaOH预处理,并对处理条件进行了优化。结果表明,与未处理比较,经微波预处理的油菜秸秆致密结构明显破坏,利于被纤维素酶水解。微波辅助预处理的最优化条件:微波功率600 W,时间5 min,NaOH 0.1 mol/L,温度80℃,经预处理后的油菜秸秆酶解率可达28.09%,较未处理前增加2.75倍,显著提高了酶解效果。     

浙江杭嘉湖平原油菜生长的土壤地球化学研究

在浙江省杭嘉湖平原区区域农业环境地球化学调查的基础上，选择嘉善县西塘、余杭县乔司二个典型地区作为专题研究区，对比研究了土壤条件与油菜元素含量、生长及产量间的关系，指出制约油菜生长的土壤地球化学因素，为研究区以至区域内油菜生产的种植和合理施肥提供了科学依据。     

Current state and perspectives for oilseed rape production for energy purposes in Poland

The article aims to analyze the current state and determine the perspectives for oilseed rape production for energy purposes in Poland. According to the study, in recent years the oilseed rape area for energy purposes and the production of biocomponents and biofuels from oilseed rape have been on the rise in Poland. The considerable and spatially concentrated energy potential of oilseed rape in Poland is noted. It is indicated that the greatest energy potential of the oilseed rape production is the four neighboring voivodeships: Dolno?l?skie, Opolskie, Wielkopolskie, and Kujawsko-Pomorskie.     

济南市区段暗涵冬期施工技术研究与实践

济南市区段输水暗涵济洛路至洪家园桥段跨冬季施工,结合工程特点采用暖棚法施工,采取经济有效的暖棚支架和外敷保温材料。根据可施工工作面及热源条件,加热方式采取蒸汽锅炉通过管道向暖棚内供热。同时采取混凝土强度试件与洞身同条件养护,以检验拆模及拆暖棚的时机。为控制混凝土内外温差,同时保证混凝土达到设计强度85％前不受负温,暖棚拆除后对裸露混凝土表面继续保温养护。     

油菜秸秆在碳酸乙烯酯中液化工艺的研究

利用碳酸乙烯酯(EC)为液化剂在常压条件下对油菜秸秆进行了液化试验。选择甲烷磺酸(MSA)作为最优催化剂,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、物料量、催化剂量4个因素对液化得率及黏度的影响。采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计对其液化工艺进行了优化。结果表明:最佳液化条件为反应温度165℃,反应时间70 min,物料量15.5%,催化剂量3.2%。在此条件下,液化得率可达到92.89%。     

含磷复合加脂剂的研制

用含磷加脂剂对铬鞣革进行加脂可得到柔软的革，并能有效地提高革的防水性。本文研究特菜籽油在适当的条件下进行一定程度的酯交换反应后，制得以磷酸化菜籽油，硫酸化菜籽油，氯化石蜡为主要成分的复合加脂剂。应用试验表明，该加脂剂具有优良的乳化，分散性能，用其对猪正面服装革，山羊服装革加脂，效果令人满意。     

在菜籽油分子引入羧基制备结合性加脂剂

本文讨论有菜籽油与乙醇胺反应，在菜籽油分子链引入羟基，然后再与顺丁烯二酸酐反应，进而给菜籽油分子链上引入羧基，使得改性后的菜籽油分子与皮革具有结合性。     

Orientation and Feeding Responses of the Pollen Beetle, Meligethes aeneus, to Candytuft, Iberis amara

The pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus, which is an important pest of oilseed rape, Brassica napus, and turnip rape, B. rapa var. campestris, does not oviposit in all species of the Brassicaceae. The relationship between M. aeneus and candytuft, Iberis amara (Brassicacae), was investigated as part of chemical ecological studies into the development of control methods employing non-host-derived repellents. In choice and nonchoice feeding tests, M. aeneus completely rejected I. amara. However, in a field experiment using traps baited with flowering racemes of I. amara and B. napus, M. aeneus was attracted to both species. Gas chromatographic (GC) and GC-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) analyses indicated that the profiles of the floral volatiles of the two species are different. At least 12 compounds among the I. amara floral volatiles were detected by the M. aeneus antenna, and, of these, hexanoic acid, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene and alpha-cedrene were not found among B. napus flower volatiles. Since M. aeneus is stimulated by floral volatiles to approach I. amara, but rejects it near, or at, the plant surface, I. amara does not produce repellents that could be used to manipulate M. aeneus. However, it may contain feeding deterrent(s) that could be used in "push-pull" control techniques or in the development of resistant brassicaceous crops.     

Variety Comparative Test of Direct - seeding Rape in Wenzhou City

通过田间试验对直播条件下8个油菜品种的产量、生育期和农艺性状进行考察，结果表明：浙油19、浙大619、浙油50和浙油18产量水平高，机收适应性好，建议进一步加大在温州市的示范推广规模。