Predicting uniaxial compressive strength,modulus of elasticity and index properties of rocks using the Schmidt hammer

The Schmidt hammer test is a non-destructive method which can be used in both laboratory and field to provide a quick and relatively inexpensive measure of rock hardness. The study investigated the relationship between the Schmidt hardness and modulus of elasticity, uniaxial compressive strength and index properties of nine types of rock including travertine, limestone, dolomitic limestone and schist. The empirical equations developed indicated the Schmidt hardness rebound values have a reliable relationship with the uniaxial compressive strength of rock (r = 0.92). Comparing the results with those reported by other researchers, it is concluded that no single relationship can be considered reliable for all rock types. Whilst the equations developed in this study may be useful at a preliminary stage of design, they should be used with caution and only for the specified rock types.      

基于小波的信号Lipschitz指数分析和应用

奇异信号往往带有一些重要信息,一般用Lipschitz指数来描述信号的奇异性。在Mallat等人的基础上讨论了奇异信号Lipschitz指数定义和相关理论基础,同时研究了小波变换与信号奇异性关系和Lipschitz指数的计算。利用信号和噪声奇异指数不同的特点应用于去噪声,文中提出了一种对噪声模极大值对应点周围的小波系数进行非线性压缩后重构信号新方法,仿真实验结果表明,这种方法有着较好的去噪效果。     

A novel chemical composition estimation model for cement raw material blending process

Raw material blending process is an essential part of the cement production process. The main purpose of the process is to guarantee a certain oxide composition for the raw meal at the outlet of the mill by regulating the four raw materials. But the chemical compositions of raw materials vary from time to time, resulting in difficulties to control the oxide compositions to a predefined value. Therefore, a novel algorithm to estimate the chemical compositions of the raw materials is developed. The paper mainly consists of two parts. In model construction part, a novel constrained least square model is proposed to overcome the deviation introduced by long-term drift of the material components, and the model parameters are estimated with an online strategy. And in validation part, the approach is implemented to two examples including datasets from simulation model and the actual industrial process. The final results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Dielectric and impedance spectroscopic study of lithium doped potassium tantalum niobium oxide

The (K_0.90Li_0.10) (Nb_0.80Ta_0.20)_0.99Mn_0.01O₃ (KLTN) ceramic has been synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction route. The Rietveld refinement X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the single-phase orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Amm2. The frequency dependent electrical properties were examined by the complex dielectric and impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 30 °C–500 °C where multiple structural phase transition was observed with high dielectric constant, low tangent loss and well saturated electric polarization. The shifting of the ferroelectric phase transition temperature by 30 °C in heating and cooling mode suggests the irreversible motion of the domains and domain walls and significant effects on grain boundaries on structural phase transition temperature. A series of phase transitions from orthorhombic to tetragonal (∼190 °C) and tetragonal to Cubic (∼390 °C in cooling and 420 °C in heating) have been obtained in the wide range of temperature. The different type of analogy such as Modulus formalism, complex impedance spectra, frequency dependent conductivity, the activation energy of charge carriers has been used to understand the microstructure-electrical properties relation.     

Damage tolerance in hardly coated layer structure with modest elastic modulus mismatch

A study is made on the characterization of damage tolerance by spherical indentation in hardly coated layer structure with modest elastic modulus mismatch. A hard silicon nitride is prepared for the coating material and silicon nitride with 5wt% of boron nitride composites for underlayer. Hot pressing to eliminate the effect of interface delamination during the fracture makes strong interfacial bonding. The elastic modulus mismatch between the layers is not only large enough to suppress the surface crack initiation from the coating layer but sufficiently small to prevent the initiation of radial crack from the interface. The strength degradation of the layer structure after sphere contact indentation does not significantly occur, while the degradation of silicon nitride-boron nitride composite is critical at a high load and high number of contacts.     

测试井封隔器胶筒径向变形探讨

在摒弃胶筒体积不可压缩的常规假设基础上,利用拉梅公式及空间轴对称问题的弹性力学解,获得了胶筒的径向位移表达式,算例表明计算结果比实际值大得多。实验测试发现,封隔器胶筒的弹性模量比现有文献给出的值要大一个数量级,但由此算出的深井胶筒径向变形仍比实际的值大。在此基础上,认为现有封隔器的设计计算中广泛采用的拉梅公式只可近似地用于浅井封隔器胶筒分析,不适用于深井封隔器胶筒。提出了浅井中两端受到限制的封隔器胶筒分析应采用弹性力学空间轴对称理论求解,进而应该考虑封隔器胶筒在深井中的物理非线性问题,由此可望获得该问题的较准确解。     

A combined SPM/NI/EDS method to quantify properties of inner and outer C-S-H in OPC and slag-blended cement pastes

To identify the distinct microstructural features and to provide insight into the mechanism by which the phases in hardened paste possess, this study adopts the coupled techniques of quantitative modulus mapping in the form of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) images, nanoindentation (NI), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for comprehensive investigation on the chemical-mechanical-morphological properties of C-S-H gel in both ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and slag-blended cement pastes. The thickness of the inner C-S-H (IP) layer is precisely measured for the first time by modulus mapping, it varies with the types of unreacted cores as well as the addition of the supplementary cementitious materials. An interface transition zone (ITZ) is found between the unreacted C₃S grain and the surrounding inner C-S-H layer. The mechanical properties of the five types of C-S-H in OPC and the slag-blended pastes are not significantly affected by their chemical compositions. A good correlation between the storage modulus and the indentation modulus of the individual phases is found. The results indicate the significance of SPM-based modulus mapping technique as a powerful tool to characterize the phase in cementitious materials with more attractive features of higher spatial resolution.     

基于余弦代价函数的T/4分数间隔盲均衡算法

针对常模算法(CMA)对非常模高阶QAM信号均衡后收敛速度慢,稳态均方误差大的缺点,以T/4分数间隔均衡器为例,提出一种基于余弦代价函数的T/4分数间隔盲均衡算法(T/4-FSE-CCF),该算法将常模的代价函数用构造的余弦代价函数来替代,新算法摆脱了常数模算法对统计模值R的依赖,最后对算法性能进行了理论分析和仿真实验,结果表明,该算法对高阶QAM信号不仅提高了收敛速度而且降低了稳态均方误差。     

拱坝优化时建基面岩体变模的合理选用

为了在拱坝优化设计过程中,能够合理地选用建基面岩体变形模量值,通过对各种不同高度拱坝,在不同基岩变模下进行优化设计,得出各高度拱坝最优方案合适基岩变模的大致取值及其变化规律,可供拱坝设计者参考。同时通过对同一拱坝在不同基岩变模下进行坝体应力分析,得出结论：拱坝优化设计时采用较低的基岩变模值,并不能保证坝体更安全;工程中...